The development of a lightweight composite (LC) based on Portland cement concrete with waste lightweight aggregate (WLA) additive was carried out to improve the sustainability and environmental impact and to offer potential cost savings without sacrificing strength. Treatment of the surface of the LC exposed to environmental attack by coating with biopolymer based on waste cooking oil doped with titanium dioxide photocatalysis (TOP) with superhydrophilic property was found to affect the mechanical properties of the LC in a systematic way. The results of compressive strength showed that the composite achieved the minimum required strength for lightweight construction materials of 17.2 MPa. Scratch resistance measurements showed that the highest percentages loading of superhydrophilic particles (up to 2.5% of biomonomer weight) for LC's surface coating gave the highest scratch resistance while the uncoated sample showed the least resistances. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures revealed the difference between the surface roughness for LC with and without TOP coating. TOP is also formulated to provide self-cleaning LC surfaces based on two principal ways: (1) the development by coating the LC with a photocatalytic superhydrophilic, (2) if such a superhydrophilic is illuminated by light, the grease, dirt, and organic contaminants will be decomposed and can easily be swept away by rain.

Green polymer foam was prepared by the reaction of green monomer based on vegetable oil with commercial Polymethane Polyphenyl Isocyanate (Modified Polymeric-MDI) and distilled water (H2O). The morphological study of green polymer foam was examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and acoustic property by means of H2O composition ratio equivalent to weight of polyol. It was found that the cell size of green polymer foam has significantly increment as well as H2O loading increased. Increasing of H2O more than 50% equivalent to weight of polyol shows nonuniform pore distribution, large average pore size and smallest number of pore. Furthermore, the cell size of neat green polymer foam gives 400μm up to 1833.3μm with high loading of H2O. In addition, the cell size of green polymer foam influences by the increasing amount of H2O loading and enhanced the sound absorption property at low frequency level.

This study reports on the effect of UV-light on the mechanical properties of bio polymer thin films (BPF) doped with 10 % Titanium Dioxide (TiO2). Bio monomer was mixed with 4, 4-methylenebis (phenylisocyanate) (MDI) to produce neat BPF and TiO2 was added to form BPF doped with 10 % TiO2. The film samples were irradiated in UV Accelerated Weatherometer at 50 °C with different exposure time. Universal Testing Machine was used to measure the tensile strength and the fracture surfaces of the tensile specimens were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The maximum tensile strength of UV irradiated neat BPF is lower than BPF doped with 10 % TiO2 of 3.5 MPa and 4.2 MPa respectively. Stress of neat BPF was decreased from 3.7 MPa to 3.2 MPa after 144 hours of UV exposure at 50 °C while BPF doped with 10 % TiO2 decrease from 4.7 to 3.6 MPa. The Modulus Young of neat BPF is lower than BPF doped with 10 % TiO2 which are 0.32 GPa and 0.33 GPa respectively. The cumulative strain percentage irradiated neat BPF is lower than BPF doped with 10 % TiO2 with 98.7 % and 113.7 % respectively. Unexposed UV light of neat BPF and BPF doped with 10 % TiO2 were observed by SEM shows smooth fracture and brittle fracture respectively. Neat BPF and BPF doped with 10 % TiO2 exposed to UV light show higher ductility property as compared to unexposed BPF. The higher the exposure time of BPF to UV light, revealed systematic increment of tensile strength due to increased crosslink between isocyanate and hydroxyl group.

The demand for bio-polymer compound (BPC) has attracted attention in various applications from industrial to medical. Therefore, the mechanical and thermal stability properties of recycling industrial waste BPC are very important to investigate. The waste BPC for this study is based on a mixture of hydroxylated waste cooking oil with hardeners to produce waste bio-polymer foam (WBF). The granulate of WBF was cast into the mold until all spaces were evenly filled and compacted into a homogeneous shape and thickness at 30-45 bar for 2 hours using hot compression molding. This method of BPC fabrication results in a tensile and flexural strength of 4.89 MPa and 18.08 MPa respectively. Meanwhile, the thermal stability of laminated BPC was conducted using a thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), and the first degradation of the soft segment occurred at 263°C, then subsequently the second degradation occurred at 351°C and the last at 416°C.