Flexible and rigid green polymers foam were prepared by the reaction of polyol based on waste vegetable oil with commercial Polymethane Polyphenyl Isocyanate (Modified Polymeric-MDI) and Diisocyanate-diphenylmethane (Abou-El-Hossein, Kadirgama, Hamdi, & Benyounis). The effect of the Ultraviolet (Annie Paul et al.) on flexible and rigid green polymer foam was examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and acoustic study of sound absorption coefficient (Baldoukas, Soukatzidis, & Demosthenous). The morphology structure of rigid green polymer foam gives a close cell structure and smallest cell size with UV exposure compared with flexible green polymer foam, which gives open cell structure and largest cell size after UV exposure.The α of flexible green polymer foam gives better compared with the α of rigid green foam at low frequency level before UV exposure. The noise reduction coefficient (NRC) of flexible green polymer foam is higher, 0.2339, compared with rigid green foam which is 0.1407. The NRC of flexible green polymer foam drops to 24.41 % with exposure up to 240 hours on UV light. The UV light was influenced by the sound absorption level with lower frequency, hence less ductile characteristic of the flexible and rigid green polymer foam.

Biopolymer made from renewable material is one of the most important groups of polymer because of its versatility in application. In this study, biopolymers based on waste vegetable oil were synthesized and cross-link with commercial polymethane polyphenyl isocyanate (known as BF). The BF was compressed by using hot compression moulding technique at 90°C based on the evaporation of volatile matter, known as compress biopolymer (CB). Treatment with titanium dioxide (TiO2) was found to affect the physical property of compressed biopolymer composite (CBC). The characterization of thermal degradation, activation energy, morphology structure, density, vibration, and damping of CB were determined after UV irradiation exposure. This is to evaluate the photo- and thermal stability of the treated CB or CBC. The vibration and damping characteristic of CBC samples is significantly increased with the increasing of UV irradiation time, lowest thickness, and percentages of TiO2loading at the frequency range of 15–25 Hz due to the potential of the sample to dissipate energy during the oscillation harmonic system. The damping property of CBC was improved markedly upon prolonged exposure to UV irradiation.

Green polymer foam was prepared by the reaction of green monomer based on vegetable oil with commercial Polymethane Polyphenyl Isocyanate (Modified Polymeric-MDI) and distilled water (H2O). The morphological study of green polymer foam was examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and acoustic property by means of H2O composition ratio equivalent to weight of polyol. It was found that the cell size of green polymer foam has significantly increment as well as H2O loading increased. Increasing of H2O more than 50% equivalent to weight of polyol shows nonuniform pore distribution, large average pore size and smallest number of pore. Furthermore, the cell size of neat green polymer foam gives 400μm up to 1833.3μm with high loading of H2O. In addition, the cell size of green polymer foam influences by the increasing amount of H2O loading and enhanced the sound absorption property at low frequency level.

Biopolymer foam was prepared by the reaction of bio-monomer based on vegetable oil with commercial Polymethane Polyphenyl Isocyanate (Modified Polymeric-MDI). The acoustic study of biopolymer foam was examined by impedance tube test according to the ASTM E-1050 and laminated with three types of textile such as polyester, cotton and single knitted jersey. It was revealed that the thicker the fabric the higher the sound absorption coefficient (α) at medium frequency level. The higher the number of layers or thickness of the fabric, the sound absorption through the fabric increases at medium frequency but after the maximum it remains almost unaltered. Three layer of cotton fabric gives maximum α approximately equal to 1 which is 1.104 mm thickness at frequency level of 3000-3500Hz and single knitted jersey gives maximum α at 4thlayer of 2200-2700Hz. Meanwhile , the α of biopolymer foam laminated with polyester fabric approximately equal to 1 at lower frequency level of 2000-3000Hz with lower thickness that is 0.668mm. Polyester fabric with lowest thickness shows better α at lower frequency level due to the structure of the fabric. The relationships among the fiber properties such as fiber density, fiber diameter, and fibrous material layer were considered as a factor that influences the sound absorption property.

This paper describes the fabrication method and mechanical characterization of nonwoven fabrics from industrial fabric wastes by different machine variables. Cotton waste fibres underwent the mechanical recycling methods, needle punching process and worked into a continuous web of nonwoven fabrics. The measurement method of full factorial design of experiment was implemented in this study as a systematic and efficient way to distinguish between the interaction of more than one factor which are the fibre feeder speed and the number of stacking layers, respectively. Three different fibre feeder speed of 1.8 m/s, 2.2 m/s and 2.8 m/s and three levels of stacking layer (4, 5 and 6 layers) were examined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant factors that influenced the mechanical properties of the web nonwoven fabrics. The mechanical properties of nonwoven web were measured by bursting strength test and puncture resistance test. The results displayed that the difference in fibre feeder speed and number of stacking layer significantly affect the puncture resistance performance. S26L web resisted the highest load during puncture resistance test which is 70.5 N while S14L resisted the lowest load of 25.5 N. Whereas, bursting strength performance was only affected by the fibre feeder speed. Lower fibre feeder speed produced stronger nonwoven fabric. Hence, the faster the fibre feeder speed and the higher number of stacking layer give good puncture resistance properties of nonwoven fabrics while the bursting properties of nonwoven fabrics shows the opposites results.