No abstract

t has been established that the development of purulent-catharal inflammation of the former gravid horn of the uterus in cows after delivery as a result of abortion, dystocia, stillbirth, caesarean section, uterine dislocation or seedlings is accompanied by an increased microbial and fungal background of the uterus, in their symbiotic relationships. In cows without delivery during childbirth, only from the 5... 9th day after calving in 35.37% cows, the genitals were contaminated with various non-pathogenic microflora. In cows given maternity care, already on the 3rd day after calving, bacteria were isolated, which in 74.5% of cases were contaminated with pathogenic microflora S. aureus in 15.5% of cases, E. coli in 37%, K. pneumonia - 12% and S. pyogenes in 10% of cases. The results of mycological studies revealed that A. fumigatus, C. albicans and C. crusei were isolated from cows as a result of childbirth. It was found that in cows with purulent-catharal inflammation of the uterus in the milk of sick cows, a significant change, with a high degree of correlation, is: the content of somatic cells (CK) r = 0.63, lactoperoxidase (LPO) r = 0.65 and lactoferin (LF) r = 0.66. Milk obtained from patients with purulent-catharal inflammation of the former gravid horn of the uterus showed 2 times the total bacterial insemination than milk obtained from clinically healthy animals. At the same time it has a reduced number of lactic acid organisms after the first days of storage. Acid formation occurs faster by 5.0-15.0% than in control samples of milk prepared to produce lactic acid products. Acidity in Lactobacillus bulgarus-fermented milk was 12.0-13.3% higher than in starter control samples, and the viability of symbiotic coupling cells was an order of magnitude lower (2.5x106 vs. 2.5x107) compared to lactic acid control samples.

The research was carried out at a modern high-tech dairy enterprise using robotic milking (GEA DairyProQ JV "Donskoye" of the Volgograd region with the productivity of cows over 15,000 kg for 305 days of lactation. Rectal palpation of the uterus in cows with subclinical endometritis showed the presence of a pronounced cavity, which was 2.78 times higher than that in clinically healthy animals of the same study period, and the thickness of the uterine wall in subclinical endometritis averaged 9.23± 0.21 mm, which was 1.41 times higher than similar data in healthy animals. According to sonography data, the endometrium acquired an echoneodnomogeneous structure, which is caused by the ongoing inflammatory process. Dilated blood vessels are visualized in the myometrium. The revealed zone of reduced density at the border of the muscular and mucous layers is characterized by hyperechogenicity, which indicates signs of developing edema. The study of the perimeter revealed no structural changes. The detailed sonographic signs of subclinical endometritis in repeatedly overworking highly productive cows showed that the endometrial condition did not correspond to normal echographic criteria in more than half of cases in sick cows during estrus. The presence of variable in shape and size areas of increased echogenicity in the horns of the uterus of the M-echo during the hunting period is noted. Hyperechogenic formations in the basal layer of the endometrium were found in every fifth sick cow with signs of subclinical endometritis who repeatedly overdo it, and in every second, with the manifestation of hunting, a clinically healthy animal. The endometrial echostructure was found to be inconsistent with the stage of sexual cycle arousal in cows with subclinical endometritis in comparison with repeatedly over-walking animals without symptoms of uterine pathology. When comparing the obtained linear parameters of the uterus by rectal palpation of its anatomical structures with the parameters of the sonographic data, their correspondence was noted in both study groups. Ultrasound diagnostics provides an objective assessment of the state of the uterus and allows you to differentiate the nature of the pathological process.