Severe rigid neuromuscular scoliosis is a major challenge to the spine surgeon due to the possibilities of neurological sequelae from acute correction of the deformity. Halo gravity traction has been considered as a way of reducing the deformity before correction to prevent neurological complications. Three female patients with severe neuromuscular scoliosis aged seven to 13 years with main coronal Cobb angle of 95°-128° and Kyphotic Cobb of 47°-118° having ≤35% flexibility on traction, had between 18 to 23 days of 16 hour/day of halo gravity traction and night time supine traction with 4kg weight for 7-8 hours. They had 28.9% and 18.5% of main coronal and kyphotic Cobb angle correction post-traction respectively. All had posterior instrumentation and post-operatively, they had correction of main coronal Cobb angle of 29°-58° and kyphotic Cobb angle of 30°-77° with no neurological complication. Halo gravity traction is therefore a viable option for reducing post-operative neurological complication in rigid severe scoliosis.
Introduction Morphological, biochemical and histopathological characteristics of paraspinal muscles have been well described in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. However, there is a paucity of literature on morphological picture of paraspinal muscles in patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis. Objective To explore how the magnitude of thoracic spine deformity affects morphological characteristics of paraspinal muscles in patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis. Material and methods A total 21 patients with idiopathic scoliosis were reviewed. The patients were assigned to two groups depending on magnitude of preoperative thoracic spine deformity. A major group consisted of patients with scoliosis of ≥ 60º (n = 11) and control group included patients with a curve < 60º (n=10). Biopsy samples were taken from muscle fragments (multifidus muscle) at the apex of the curve (major arc) at the Th6-Th10 level on the convex side while approaching to the posterior spinal structures during surgical correction of kyphoscoliosis using light microscope. The specimens were examined histologically with light microscope. Results Patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis (≥ 60º) showed evident muscle fiber atrophy and dystrophy of different extent. There were nucleus free areas and homogenized muscle fragments observed with connective tissue layers being swollen and frayed with multiple fibroblasts seen in nearly all the samples. Arterial walls were normally fibrotized. Structural changes ranged from minimal with a curve of 60º to degrading muscles with the fibers replaced by fat and connective tissues with a curve angle of 145º. Conclusion Morphological characteristics of paraspinal muscles have been shown to be severely affected by the magnitude of thoracic spine deformity in patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis. The findings should be considered in surgical correction of kyphoscoliosis with special focus on postoperative vascular and neurotropic therapy to allow wound healing and lower complication rate.
Цель исследования-оценка эффективности разработанной в клинике РНЦ ВТО им. акад. Г.А. Илизарова балльной шкалы типов реакции пирамидной системы пациентов на хирургическую коррекцию деформации позвоночника в условиях мультимодального анестезиологического обеспечения, включающего эпидуральную анестезию раствором ропивакаина. Материал и методы. Проведен анализ 178 протоколов интраоперационного нейромониторинга 158 больных (средний возраст 13,4±0,5 года) с деформациями позвоночника различной этиологии тяжелой и средней степени. В процессе оперативного вмешательства 28 больным (основная группа) выполняли эпидуральное введение раствора ропивакаина (0,375% в количестве, рассчитанном с учетом возраста и массы тела). Для оценки степени изменений моторных вызванных потенциалов предложена балльная шкала, ранговые значения которой (0-7) пропорциональны степени угнетения функции пирамидной системы. Сравнивали частоту встречаемости критического уровня изменений моторных ответов у пациентов основной и контрольной групп. Результаты. Реакция пирамидной системы на эпидуральную блокаду раствором ропивакаина варьирует в широких пределах-от отсутствия изменений до глубокого угнетения моторных ответов. Использование нейрофизиологического контроля позволяет оперативно корректировать совместные действия хирурга и анестезиолога. Заключение. Эпидуральная анестезия с использованием раствора ропивакаина в выбранной концентрации позволяет в критические моменты оперативной коррекции деформации позвоночника сохранять электрофизиологический контроль состояния проводящих путей спинного мозга и избежать развития необратимого снижения их функции вследствие ишемического повреждения спинного мозга в ответ на тракцию позвоночника. Предложенная балльная шкала изменений моторных ответов повышает эффективность анализа собранной информации и ускоряет процесс принятия адекватного решения в отношении коррекции действий хирурга и анестезиолога. Ключевые слова: интраоперационный нейромониторинг, эпидуральная анестезия, деформации позвоночника, спинальная хирургия, неврологические осложнения. Для корреспонденции: Сайфутдинов Марат Саматович, доктор биол. наук, ведущ. науч. сотр. лаб. патологии осевого скелета и нейрохирургии РНЦ «ВТО» им. акад. Г.А. Илизарова, 640014, Курган.
Сравнительный анализ динамики температурно-болевой чувствительности после коррекции тяжелых и нетяжелых деформаций позвоночника у больных с идиопатическим сколиозом Е.Н. Щурова, О.Г. Прудникова, С.О. Рябых, С.А. Липин Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Российский научный центр "Восстановительная травматология и ортопедия" им. акад. Г.А. Илизарова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Курган, Россия Comparative analysis of dynamics in thermal pain sensitivity after correction of severe and mild spine deformities in patients with idiopathic scoliosis
Introduction Spinal deformity is one of major orthopaedic manifestations of cerebral palsy (CP). Despite the prevalence of the nosologic condition there is a deficiency in the availability of criteria for screening and management of the spinal pathology in CP patients, difficulties in interdisciplinary logistics, lack of registry and restraints in the continuity of the rehabilitation system. The purpose of the work was to focus the attention of mainstream audience of dedicated experts on the aspects of the course and correction techniques of spinal deformities in CP patients. Evidence level 5 (UK Oxford, version 2011). Results The type of spinal deformity depends on the functional level classified with the GMFCS. Vertebral evaluation included identification of the leading component of the deformity, apex location, mobility, trunk balance, chest deformity, type of pelvic obliquity, the way contractures and dislocation of the femoral heads affected the lumbar spine mobility. The goal of spinal deformity correction in CP patients is to maintain or improve the functionality of the patients, improve the quality of life for the patient and the family. The use of transpedicular multi-support fixation systems and bone allografts can be recommended for bone fusion in the patients. Spinal fixation can be extended from the upper thoracic vertebrae down to the pelvis. Dynamic fixation systems, multilevel or multi-rod fixation can be an option depending on the age, extent of the maturity of the axial skeleton and size of the curve. Conclusion The severity of manifestations of spinal deformity increases in CP patients with greater level of global motor functions and does not depend on the skeletal maturity. Conservative treatment is ineffective at a long term. Correction and instrumentation transpedicular fixation allows for threedimensional correction without the need for anterior fusion. Surgical treatment significantly improves body balance, functional level and quality of life.
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