In Ukraine, sorghum is grown in an area of 41000−49000 ha, with the yield ranging over years from 0.99 t/ha (2001) to 4.63 t/ha (2018). Such differences in productivity may be explained by the fact that, in recent decades, the value of degree-days in the Steppe zone increased from 3145 °C (1990) to 3550 °C (2019), and in the Forest Steppe zone by 445 °C. At the same time, the current annual precipitation in Ukraine is 578 mm, while sustainable farming requires 700 mm. In Steppe, which is a traditional sorghum cultivation zone, the change in climatic conditions led to insufficient soil moisture, with weather conditions influencing the formation of sorghum grain yield. The assessment of the stability and plasticity of the sorghum yield allows us to conclude that cultivation of this crop will not be effective without irrigation, adjustment of the cultivation technology or introduction of the varieties adapted to drought and high temperature. On the contrary, in Forest Steppe, conditions for obtaining high yields of sorghum improved in recent decades. Thus, in Vinnytsia region, favorable conditions formed in the years

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namely, air temperature in the autumn-winter-spring period. It was established that the largest leaf area on a single plant is formed by spraying plants with the Vuxal Bio Aminoplant growth regulator-3.97 m 2 , which is 36.4% more control after the use of other growth regulators, this indicator is at the highest level pre-sowing processing and reduced with the complex application and separate spraying of crops. The study of the root system showed that the use of growth regulators in the complex ensures the formation of a larger number of roots and their length. This can be explained by the fact that spraying of crops can compensate for the influence of negative environmental factors in the autumn-winter period on the growth and development of winter garlic plants. From the conducted studies it is evident that the use of growth regulators has a positive effect on the increase in the mass of the bulb from 2.6% to 27.1%, depending on the growth regulator. The best indicators are obtained for the application of growth regulators Emistim C, Regoplant, Stimpo in a complex and spraying plants. From the obtained data it is clear that the most significant increase in yield is observed when using plant growth regulators Emistim C, Regoplant, Stimpo, where the increase in yield is 7.2-26.1%. The use of growth regulators reduced the number of nitrates from 4.0% to 18.4%. Less garlic plants accumulated nitrates for the use of growth regulators Vuxal Bio Aminoplant and Emistim C, where this figure was lower than the control by 17.8-18.4 and 13.9-17.4%, respectively, to the variant. So, plant growth regulators have a positive effect on the growth and development of winter garlic, their use significantly increases and improves the structure of the assimilation surface of the plant, increases crop yield, improves the quality, affecting the profitability of production.

Its biological features and soil and climatic conditions limit the cultivation of peanuts in Ukraine. A prerequisite for obtaining high stable peanut yields is sowing with high-quality seeds characterized by excellent sowing and yield properties.

Purpose. To determine the formation of productivity (yield of vegetative mass, content of cellulose and hemicellulose, zinc and iron) of different varieties of switchgrass. Methods. Research on the agrotechnology of switchgrass was conducted at the Yaltushkiv Experimental Breeding Station. The predecessor of switchgrass was winter wheat. The experiments were set up in accordance with generally accepted methods. Yield was determined in sections, cellulose content, hemicellulose content – zinc and iron content – by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results. It was found that the yield of switchgrass biomass varied significantly over the studied varieties. Thus, the highest yield was obtained by growing varieties ‘Shelter’ (mid-ripening), ‘Cave-in-Rock’ (mid-ripening), ‘Morozko’ (mid-ripening), ‘Carthage’ (late-ripening) and ‘Kanlow’ (very late-ripening) and ranged between 19.3 and 21.6 t/ha at actual humidity or 11.1–16.7 t/ha of dry mass. However, the highest yield of dry mass was provided by growing varieties ‘Morozko’ and ‘Kanlow’, 16.7–17.9 t/ha. Yield of early-ripening switchgrass varieties was at the level of 12.9–16.7 t/ha at actual humidity or 8.9–11.5 t/ha of dry weight. It should be noted that of the seven mid- and late-ripening varieties, five had dry weight yield at the level of two early-ripening varieties (‘Forestburg’ and ‘Nebraska’). Thus, the highest yield of biomass is provided by growing mid- and late-ripening varieties of switchgrass. The highest content of cellulose was in late-ripening varieties of switchgrass. No significant difference was found between early and late-ripening varieties. It should be noted that the content of hemicellulose almost did not change over the studied varieties and ranged between 14.1 and14.7%. In the dry biomass of switchgrass, the cellulose content was 1.4–1.5 times higher in comparison with the biomass of actual moisture (64.2–68.0). The hemicellulose content was 20.4–21.3%, depending on the variety of switchgrass. It should be noted that their content did not change significantly over the studied switchgrass varieties, both at actual humidity and in terms of dry weight. The iron content was 2.6–2.7 times higher than zinc 1.23–1.27 mg/100 g. Conclusions. The yield of biomass of switchgrass varies from 12.9 to 21.6 t/ha at actual humidity that equals 8.9 to 16.7 t/ha of dry mass. The highest yield of dry mass is provided by the cultivation of switchgrass varieties ‘Morozko’ and ‘Kanlow’ (16.7–17.9 t/ha). The biomass contains 45.2–46.9% of cellulose, 14.2–14.5% of hemicellulose, 0.46–0.47 mg/100 g of zinc and 1.26 mg/100 g of iron. It is recommended to use them in breeding programs to create high-yielding varieties of switchgrass.