Depression may severely affect adolescents in sundry areas. Research demonstrates that girls have greater prevalence of depression than boys since adolescence and that traumatic experiences are predictors of depression. The present study aims to explore if traumatic experiences are predictors of depressive symptoms in adolescence and if gender moderates that relationship. The participants were 319 adolescents aged between 13 and 15 years old, attending the 8th and 9th grade in public schools, who participated in a Portuguese study about prevention of adolescent depression. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess traumatic experiences, measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and depressive symptoms, measured by The Childhood Depression Inventory (CDI). Results showed that the female gender had higher levels of depressive symptoms and also demonstrated a significant correlation between depressive symptoms, emotional abuse and emotional neglect for both genders. Furthermore, these traumatic experiences were predictors of depressive symptoms and a moderating effect of gender on the relationship between emotional neglect and depressive symptoms was found. This moderating effect suggests that for the same levels of emotional neglect girls showed higher levels of depressive symptoms. These findings emphasize the contribution of the emotional component of traumatic experiences on depression.

Introduction: Gender dysphoria is a new diagnostic class in DSM-5 that reflects a new conceptualization of the disorder emphasizing the phenomenon of 'gender incongruence". It refers to the distress that may accompany the incongruence between one's experienced or expressed gender and one's assigned gender. Hormone and/or surgery are treatment options available. There is some clinical evidence that patients under gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists may develop symptoms consistent with various psychiatric disorders with and without psychotic features. Objectives and Aims: To review new DSM-5 conceptualization of gender dysphoria and psychiatric sideeffects of ovocyte stimulation drugs. Also to report one selected clinical case of psychosis after FSH and LH stimulation in a patient under female to male sex reassignment process. Methods: The authors have conducted an online search on PubMed on psychosis after ovocytes stimulation and gender dysphoria and systematically reviewed a case report. Results: There is little evidence of psychiatric side-effects of GnRH agonist. Case report: 22 years old male with diagnosis of gender dysphoria under female to male sex reassignment process with FSH and LH stimulation to ovocyte preservation that acutely developed psychiatry symptoms of bizarre behaviour, irritability, flight of ideas, soliloquies and erotomaniac delusions that remit on antipsychotic drugs. Conclusions: Gender dysphoria is a new diagnostic class in DSM-5. There are multiple hormone and/or surgery treatments options. There is little evidence hormone treatments are associated with psychiatric side-effects, namely psychosis. To conduct a well-designed clinical trial on psychiatric symptoms related with hormone treatment in gender dysphoria patients is needed.

IntroductionPsoriasis is a common, chronic, erythematous dermatosis with prevalence estimates ranging from 0, 3% to 2, 5%. This recurring disorder is associated with significant psychological distress, a decrease in health-related quality of life and psychiatric morbidity. The most common psychiatric comorbidities are mental retardation, personality disorder and affective disorders.ObjectivesThe authors’ aim is to present a clinical vignette of a 27-year-old male suffering from psoriasis who was admitted to the psychiatric yard exhibiting psychotic symptoms. A literature's review about the association between psychosis and autoimmune disorders, particularly with psoriasis vulgaris, was also made.Case reportThe patient is a 27-year-old single male with normal IQ. He had no physical ilnesses during childhood and adolescence. There was no history of psychiatric or developmental disorders in the patient and his family. In early adulthood he was diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris. The patient's father also suffered from the same skin disorder. At the age of 27 he began to hear voices commenting on his behaviour and he exhibited psychomotor agitation, delusions of persecution, and sexual disinhibition. Admission in psychiatric yard was necessary to treat psychotic symptoms.ConclusionsThe skin and the brain are embryologically related. Consequently, a relationship between psychological factors and skin diseases has long been hypothesized. Schizophrenia has been associated with nearly 50% higher lifetime prevalence of one or more autoimmune disorders but further studies are necessary to elucidate the possible association between psoriasis vulgaris and psychosis.

Introduction: The association of epileptic seizures with sleep has been recognized since antiquity. Sleep disturbance in patients with epilepsy may be related with the underlying seizure disorder itself, its therapy, or the presence of a sleep disorder such as obstructive sleep apnea. On the other hand, in some patients, seizures may be the underlying cause of symptoms that initially suggested a primary sleep disturbance. Objectives: The authors' aim is to report a case of a 26-year-old male who presented to the hospital with symptoms suggestive of a mood disorder and a sleep disturbance, and was diagnosed with nocturnal complex partial seizures. A literature's review about the psychiatric manifestations of epilepsy was also made. Case report: The patient is a 26-year-old single male who was referred to the psychiatric yard when he was 19 years-old because he exhibited depressed mood, social inhibition and complained of sleep disturbance. He explained that episodically he made rhythmic head movements to fall asleep, since he was a child. Laboratory tests with thyroid function were normal. Cranial tomography showed mild plagiocephaly with a slight deformation of the right parietal region. Magnetic resonance imaging was normal. Diurnal and nocturnal electroencephalogram (EEG) documented left frontotemporal paroxysmal activity with a tendency to generalize.Video-EEG polysomnogram revealed rhythmic head movements during REM sleep, without paroxysmal activity preceding the events, and reduced REM sleep. Conclusions: Psychiatric conditions occur frequently in epilepsy and their manifestations are diverse. Clinicians should be aware of atypical presentations.

IntroductionParkinson's disease (PD) dementia is a rapidly growing global health problem. Dementia in PD is often accompanied with neuropsychiatric manifestations, such as depression, insomnia, visual hallucinations and psychomotor agitation, which need psychiatric attention.ObjectivesThe authors’ aim is to report a case of a 76-year-old female suffering from PD who was admitted to the psychiatric yard exhibiting neuropsychiatric symptoms. A literature's review about PD dementia was also made.Case reportPatient had one psychiatric hospitalization at age 41, due to depressive symptoms. PD diagnose was made at age 65 and initially responded well to levodopa. Over the subsequent years, motor fluctuations and dyskinesias as well as autonomic, cognitive and psychological symptoms gradually developed. At 75 years, patient's family stated that she had been more forgetful, impulsive, showing signs of anxiety and dysphoria. She was hospitalized exhibiting psychomotor agitation, disorientation, insomnia and mainly nocturnal visual hallucinations with persons. Diagnostic testing included: cranial tomography which showed mild generalized atrophy but no other structural cause of her symptoms; laboratory tests with B12, folic acid, thyroid function; syphilis detection test and examinations of serum and urine were normal. The MMSE scored 19. Attention deficits and constructional apraxia were present in clock drawing test. Treatment was initiated with memantine and a low dose of quetiapine. She was discharged after 20 days with improvement of neuropsychiatric symptoms.ConclusionsEarly diagnosis and treatment of dementia in PD may prevent psychiatric hospitalization and avoid patient's and family's distress.