Особливості селекції сортів пшениці м'якої озимої степового екотипу у зв'язку зі змінами клімату в умовах Півдня України 53

candidate of biological science T. Narhan, candidate of agricultural sciences M. Yeryniak, candidate of agricultural sciences S. Lyfenko, academician, doctor of agricultural sciences Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute-National Center of Seed and Cultivar Investigations The purpose. To sum up results of long-term probes and to determine according to agronomic attributes difference and selection worth of perspective lines of wheat, derivants wheat-wild-rye amphiploid (WWRA). Methods. Field-for determination of productivity, autoadaptivity and resistance of material; laboratoryfor determination of merit numbers of flour and genetic formulas of locuses of reserve proteins of the subject of inquiry; statistical-for determination of reliability of the gained results. Results. The selection assessment of 2 perspective lines, derivatives of amphiploid Elytricum fertile in comparison with modern grades is made. Conclusions. Use in remote hybridization of WWRA Elytricum fertile can be successful for selection of winter soft wheat. The high-yielding variety created thus is entered in the State registry and used in primary and elite seeds growing and powered up in the further selection process.

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Background: Global climate change facilitates the spread of diseases of the winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and increases the yield losses caused by a combination of these diseases and drought. Prevention of the yield losses depends on the identification of the resistance genes and the introduction of these genes into commercial cultivars. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate resistance to widespread diseases, drought and other agricultural traits amongst the members of diversity panel consisting of introgression wheat lines derived from complex interspecies crosses. Materials and Methods: The field trials were conducted during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 seasons. The winter wheat diversity panel consists of seventy-eight introgression lines and two check cultivars developed for the arid climate zone of southern Ukraine. The data on nine agronomic (quantitative scores) and five-pathogen response (point scores) traits were collected and subjected to both variance and correlation analysis to determine the contribution of the individual genetic backgrounds towards plant resiliency. Results: Most lines were found resistant to rust species. The distribution of responses in the analyzed lines was bimodal in response to rusts and unimodal in response to powdery mildew or septoria. The resistance traits showed no correlation with heading date, plant height, and protein content. The yield traits did not correlate with the resistance to diseases except for stem rust (Rsp = 0.34**) and Septoria blight (Rsp = −0.23*). A negative correlation was observed between quality traits and grain yield, but quality traits correlated positively with each other. Conclusion: High diseases resistance trait correlates with low yield, reduced protein content or small grain. The frequency of lines combining pathogen resistance as measured by total yield with grain quality is low. The introgression lines provide a source of genes for improving disease and drought resistance of winter wheat.

Introduction. The global climate change conduces spreading of main diseases of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and increases the yield losses caused by both these diseases and drought. Preventing the devastating impact of these factors on the yield depends on development of donors carrying the resistance genes. Aim. The diversity of new introgression wheat lines derived from complex interspecies crosses was evaluated for resistance to widespread diseases, drought and other agricultural traits. Methods. The trial was conducted consecutively during two vegetative periods (2018-2019 and 2019-2020) on the black earth area under the arid system in a control nursery design. Genetic material includes seventy-eight introgression wheat lines of different origin with two check cultivars for the arid climate zone of Ukraine. The data on nine agronomic (quantitative scores) and five plant pathological (point scores) traits were collected and subjected to both variance and correlation analysis to comprehend the contribution of the factors towards general diversity and connections between the characters. Results. Most lines were resistant to rust species due to the successful introgression of alien Lr, Yr and Sr genes from all sources involved in hybridization. High long-term resistance to stem rust was observed mainly among the derivatives of the collection sample H74/90-245 from Bulgaria, whose genetic background was favorable for generating a positive effect of 1BL.1RS translocation on both productive and adaptive traits in southern Ukraine and the ability to combine with other resistance genes. The yield traits did not correlate with the resistance to diseases except stem rust (Rsp = 0.34**) and Septoria blight (Rsp = −0.23*). Resistance to stem rust correlated with the grain and protein yield, test weight and flour density, which may be due to the presence of translocation 1BL.1RS. Negative correlation was observed between quality traits and grain yield, but quality traits mainly positively correlated with each other. The plant height had the highest contribution to grain yield followed by volume of 1000 kernels and WTK. Conclusions. The introgression lines were found to be diverse and potential for use in the wheat improvement programs for resistance to the diseases or drought in Southern Ukraine.