Селекційно-генетичний інститут-Національний центр насіннєзнавства та сортовивчення За матеріалами багаторічних досліджень з аналізу результатів і напрямів селекції пшениці озимої м'якої в провідних установах колишнього Радянського Союзу виділено етапні періоди в створенні сортів, що мають велике значення для виробництва. Зважаючи на важливу роль оригінальної генетичної плазми за окремими ознаками, зосереджено увагу на доцільності використання інтрогресивних форм від різних типів віддаленої гібридизації, пшениці м'якої з дикорослими і культурними її співродичами: Aegilops caudate, Triticum timopheeviі, елімусу сибірського. У статті у вигляді тексту і таблиць наведено фактичні матеріали, що характеризують етапність селекції і комплекс господарськи корисних ознак сортів, у родоводах яких є віддалені види пшениці. Зроблено висновок про перспективність використання інтрогресивної мінливості у виконанні програм селекції пшениці озимої м'якої.
candidate of biological science T. Narhan, candidate of agricultural sciences M. Yeryniak, candidate of agricultural sciences S. Lyfenko, academician, doctor of agricultural sciences Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute-National Center of Seed and Cultivar Investigations The purpose. To sum up results of long-term probes and to determine according to agronomic attributes difference and selection worth of perspective lines of wheat, derivants wheat-wild-rye amphiploid (WWRA). Methods. Field-for determination of productivity, autoadaptivity and resistance of material; laboratoryfor determination of merit numbers of flour and genetic formulas of locuses of reserve proteins of the subject of inquiry; statistical-for determination of reliability of the gained results. Results. The selection assessment of 2 perspective lines, derivatives of amphiploid Elytricum fertile in comparison with modern grades is made. Conclusions. Use in remote hybridization of WWRA Elytricum fertile can be successful for selection of winter soft wheat. The high-yielding variety created thus is entered in the State registry and used in primary and elite seeds growing and powered up in the further selection process.
Background:
Global climate change facilitates the spread of diseases of the winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and increases the yield losses caused by a combination of these diseases and drought. Prevention of the yield losses depends on the identification of the resistance genes and the introduction of these genes into commercial cultivars.
Objective:
The objective of the study was to evaluate resistance to widespread diseases, drought and other agricultural traits amongst the members of diversity panel consisting of introgression wheat lines derived from complex interspecies crosses.
Materials and Methods:
The field trials were conducted during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 seasons. The winter wheat diversity panel consists of seventy-eight introgression lines and two check cultivars developed for the arid climate zone of southern Ukraine. The data on nine agronomic (quantitative scores) and five-pathogen response (point scores) traits were collected and subjected to both variance and correlation analysis to determine the contribution of the individual genetic backgrounds towards plant resiliency.
Results:
Most lines were found resistant to rust species. The distribution of responses in the analyzed lines was bimodal in response to rusts and unimodal in response to powdery mildew or septoria. The resistance traits showed no correlation with heading date, plant height, and protein content. The yield traits did not correlate with the resistance to diseases except for stem rust (Rsp = 0.34**) and Septoria blight (Rsp = −0.23*). A negative correlation was observed between quality traits and grain yield, but quality traits correlated positively with each other.
Conclusion:
High diseases resistance trait correlates with low yield, reduced protein content or small grain. The frequency of lines combining pathogen resistance as measured by total yield with grain quality is low. The introgression lines provide a source of genes for improving disease and drought resistance of winter wheat.
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