Soybean in the Amur Region occupies up to 30% of its area in Russia. With a high content of protein and oil, it is an energy-efficient crop, and its processed products are widely used in the food industry and animal husbandry. An increase in soybean production is planned by improving the structure of sown areas, introducing new varieties, and intensifying crop production. It is possible to increase its productivity through the use of high-quality and most productive seeds that can be isolated, separately collected in a combine harvester during harvesting and used without seeds after harvesting. For this, it is necessary to use combines of two-phase threshing, with the separation of threshed mass by the first threshing drum, cleaning and collecting this mass in an additional hopper. To avoid pinching and damage during transportation, it is necessary to use screws with a brush frame for the working edge of the screw and brush conveyor belts. The selected soybean seeds of the first fraction for all sowing quality indicators correspond to the second class of the state standard, and their laboratory and field germination, 96 and 91.5%, corresponds to the seeds of the first class. The use of the first seed fraction during sowing, without additional purification, reduces material costs, increases soybean yield by 3.0 kg / ha and increases profit.

The article presents the results of studying the biological yield of soybean grains, stems and flaps, their height and thickness sizes at the root neck, on the basis of which a new economical grinding device is proposed. Soybean harvesting is carried out by combines equipped with grinders, stationary or segment-type grinders tested on the experimental field of the seed production laboratory of FSBNU FNC VNII soybeans in 2020-2021. On the basis of histogram of straw interruption coefficient by threshing machine of beating type equal to 0.527 additional necessity of soybean stems grinding and development of new grinding device is established. In order to justify the optimal parameters of the grinders of the new sample, multifactorial experiments were carried out to obtain acceptable ground parts of soybean stems for their rapid decomposition in the soil. In order to obtain the necessary crops, agronomic science and long-term practice have developed various types of technological techniques, the use of which contributes to increasing soil fertility and increasing the potential yield of soybean. Experience shows that the atmosphere and soil are the source of nutrition for plants. Living organisms are a necessary concomitant component of soil. Soil organisms (soil biota), destroying the biological mass located in the soil and on the surface of the field, are suppliers of substances necessary for plant development and growth of crop rotation crops. Soybean straw and flaps contain 35.2-35.5 % fiber, 3.2-3.5 % protein, and 2.62-3.07 % chemical elements in % of dry matter, the decomposition of which will increase the content of humus and improve the structure of the soil. Technological effects aimed at maintaining the vital activities of these organisms make it possible to significantly increase soil fertility, which is a prerequisite for high yields of cereals and soybeans.

To obtain biologically valuable and high-quality soybeans it is necessary to improve the design of the two-phase threshing combine harvester which will have a gentle mode for threshing the most mature soybeans in the first threshing drum, make their high-quality cleaning directly in the combine harvester and collect them in a separate hopper. The first seed fraction of biologically valuable and high-quality soybeans is obtained by separating the threshed heap in the first threshing drum. It’s cleaned and collected in a separate hopper. The return is processed in the second threshing drum, and the second fraction of seeds is cleaned and collected in the second hopper of the combine. The straw that comes off the straw walker and enters the auger is divided into two parts, and when it leaves the auger on both sides, it is crushed and thrown out of the sides of the combine. At the same time, during the combine harvesting of soybeans, the chaff coming of the sieve boot and being the high-protein feed consisting of 90% of the bean flaps is collected in the chaff collector. By collecting the most valuable components of the soybean crop, i.e beans and chaff, and embedding the crushed plant stems on the small depth by disking or cultivation, the task of creating conditions for the growth and development of plants in the crop rotation with full mechanized technology of soybean harvesting is solved.

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