To ensure a given rate of seed soybean seeding, a substantiation of the design parameters of the sowing disk is provided by the nesting method: the number of cells and the distance between the cells, depending on the diameter of the disc and the linear dimensions of the cell. An analytical relationship were obtained to determine the distance between the seeds in the nest and between the nests, depending on the central angles between the centers of the cells in the group and the groups of cells on the lateral surface on the sowing disk, taking into account the seeding rate and the number of cells. The necessary number of cells on the sowing disk its critical linear speed is justified taking into account the seeding machine speed at which the cells are guaranteed to be filled. As a result of the numerical experiment, the following data were obtained: for a given diameter of the sowing disk 0.21m with a cell diameter of 0.008 m and a cell depth of 0.005 m, the total number of cells on the side surface of the disk is 120 pieces, the central angle between the cells in the group is 20, and the central angle between groups of cells is 50. At these values of the design parameters of the sowing disk and the specified soybean seeding rate from 9 to 27 pieces/m., the distance between the seeds in the nest varies from 0.025 to 0.074 m, and between the nests from 0.062 to0.0 185 m. A seeding disc was designed and manufactured for laboratory testing of a sowing device for nesting soybean seeds.

Design of the seed distributor of a seeder for encapsulated seeds is described. Parameters of special parts are substantiated graphically.

Sowing is the most important agrotechnical operation, on which the yield directly depends. With the nested method of sowing soybeans, better illumination is achieved, thanks to which plants develop the root system and aboveground parts better, which contributes to a high attachment of the lower beans on plants and reduces losses during harvesting. A seeding apparatus for nest sowing has been designed and manufactured, taking into account the physical and mechanical properties and dimensional characteristics of soybean seeds. Field studies of the nested method of sowing soybeans were carried out in the farm “Niva” of the Tambov region, according to the results of which, taking into account the humidity and weight of 1000 seeds, the biological yield was calculated. With the nested method of sowing. on the experimental plot, a yield of more than 4 t/ha was obtained, which is 0.4% more than with continuous sowing on the control plot, despite the 2-fold increased seeding rate on it. The height of attachment of the lower beans on the plants of the experimental plot averaged 15 cm, on the control plot the height of attachment of the lower beans was 10 cm.

An important aspect influencing the provision of a given seeding rate is the interaction of seeds with the mechanism of the double ejector under various operating modes of the sowing unit. The study of the interaction of seeds with structural elements of the sowing machine, taking into account their physical and mechanical properties, will allow us to evaluate the efficiency of seed placement at various speeds of the sowing unit and develop automatic control systems for the mechanism of the twin ejector. The purpose of the study is to determine the statistical characteristics of the distribution of seeds depending on the position of the twin ejector and the rotational speed of the sowing disc and to determine the optimal values of these parameters. The design and operating parameters of the sowing machine were determined using the methodology of planning a multifactorial experiment. A second-order planning matrix based on two-factor Box-Wilson plans was used. Lisbon soybeans were used for research. The speed of the meter disk was varied from 15 rpm (low level) to 55 rpm (high level). The position of the seed ejector was set so that the suction hole was blocked halfway (lower level) to a fully open hole (upper level). The coefficient of variation of the time intervals between the ejection of seeds from the sowing apparatus and the crushing of seeds were chosen as optimization criteria. The regression equations that adequately describe the seeding process under study were obtained from the results of the experiments. Installed. that the control factors should be within the following limits: the rotational speed of the seeding disc should be from 15 to 35 rpm, and the position of the excess seed remover should provide overlapping of the holes by 10 - 35%, while the coefficient of variation will be less than 33%, and the crushing of seeds less than 1 %. The data obtained can be used to develop a control algorithm for the automatic regulator of the position of the twin ejector, depending on the speed of the sowing unit.

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