In recent years, integrated passive components technology has gained significant popularity in integrated drives research. An integrated drive may be considered to be a full mechanical integration of the machine, power electronic converter and passive components into a single package. This approach is important for applications such as traction motors, aerospace, electric vehicles and cars where space, mass or volume constraints are high. Incorporation of electromagnetic components, such as line filters, into electric machines can be achieved by sharing the existing machine's magnetic circuit with the filter component. In this paper part of an LCL line filter has been chosen to be integrated with a permanent magnet synchronous machine. An LCL filter has been selected as it has lower inductance compared to other input filter types such as LC and L filters. This paper also presents a several novel techniques for integrating the largest portion of LCL input power filter which is the 3-phase ac inductors located in the drive side producing a single mechanically packaged unit without significant increase in size and loss which in turn achieves high power density. Different integrated 3-phase input inductors designs have been simulated with finite element analysis to prove the effectiveness of integration of passives within the machine structure. In each case the design has been iteratively optimised to determine the optimal mass of copper and core for the integrated filter inductors targeting parity in power density when compared to a traditionally separated package. The paper demonstrates that an approach utilising a double slot machine with input filters wound into the outermost slots was the most appropriate choice in terms of power density compared to other proposed methods.

Medium-voltage circuit breakers can fail to interrupt three-phase fault currents when power systems have transient recovery voltage (TRV) characteristics which exceed the rating of the circuit breaker. This paper examines the application of 13.8-kV generation and load switchgear for an oil refinery in which circuit parameters as originally designed would have exceeded the 13.8-kV circuit breakers' TRV ratings had corrective measures not been taken. This paper illustrates this case and discusses the basis of TRV, how TRV is assessed, and alternative actions taken to bring circuits to within the 13.8-kV circuit breaker ratings.Index Terms-EMTP, medium voltage circuit breaker, transient recovery voltage.

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Metal oxide elements are capable of dissipating considerable energy in terms of joules per cubic centimeter or joules per gram, and elements of reasonable size are capable of discharging the energy associated with most surge arrester applications. Surge arresters designed using metal oxide elements have been in service since 1976. However, a single column consisting of elements of usual diameter is not capable of discharging a long, 500-kV or 800-kV transmission line under all of the switching conditions generally considered, therefore, metal oxide arresters for application at these voltages are usually designed with two columns of elements in parallel.Furthermore, devices for series capacitors protection or protection of valves and filters in dc converter stations and similar applications are often required to discharge several tens of times more energy than required by station applications, and are hence designed using several columns of elements in parallel.

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