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Marked variations of the I34 U/ 23, Uand 235 U/"'U ratios observed in rain samples collected at Fayetteville (36°N, 94°W), Arkansas, during the period between January 1985 and May 1986 appear to be attributable to the 7 February 1983 burn-up of the nuclear-powered Soviet satellite Cosmos-1402. Sharp increases in the 23S U/ 23, U ratios occurred in many of the rain samples collected during the fall of 1983 through the early spring of 1984, while no comparable variations in the 234 U/ 53, U ratios were observed. These results indicate that the 1983 -1984 fallout of 23s U had its origin most likely in the Chinese nuclear test of October 16, 1980.

Power plant-heated lakes are characterized by a temperature gradient in the thermal plume originating at the discharge of the power plant and terminating at the water intake. The maximum water temperature discharged by the power plant into the lake depends on the power generated at the facility and environmental regulations on the temperature of the lake. Besides the observed thermal plume, cloud-like thermal cells (convection cell elements) are also observed on the water surface. The size, shape and temperature of the convection cell elements depends on several parameters such as the lake water temperature, wind speed, surfactants and the depth of the thermocline. The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) and Clemson University are collaborating to determine the applicability of laboratory empirical correlations between surface heat flux and thermal convection intensity. Laboratory experiments at Clemson University have demonstrated a simple relationship between the surface heat flux and the standard deviation of temperature fluctuations. Similar results were observed in the aerial thermal imagery SRNL collected at different locations along the thermal plume and at different elevations. SRNL will present evidence that the results at Clemson University are applicable to cooling lakes.

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