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AimIn the context of the Italian Multicentric Epidemiological Study on Risk Factors for Childhood Leukaemia and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (SETIL), the risk of childhood cancer was investigated in relation to parental occupational exposures. Methods All cases of childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in children aged 0-10 years were identified. Controls were chosen at random from the local population in each region. Parents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The collected data were blindly reviewed by expert industrial hygienists in order to estimate exposure to a list of agents. Statistical analyses were performed for each agent using unconditional multivariable logistic regression models, taking into account timing of exposure. Results 683 cases of acute childhood leukaemia, 97 cases of NHL and 1044 controls were identified.

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A representative national survey on population exposure to radon in Italian dwellings was carried out from 1989 to 1994, with the co-operation of the National Health Service. The measurements were performed by 19 Regional Laboratories, all using the same techniques and protocols. A stratified, two-stage sampling procedure was used to sample families. The sampled families were approached door-to-door to maximize response. To optimize the quality of the measurements, two dosimeters, each containing two alpha track detectors, were placed together in one room (typically the bedroom) for two consecutive 6-mo periods. The distribution of annual radon concentration was derived from measurements in 4,866 dwellings. The average value is 75 Bq m(-3) and the fractions of dwellings above the reference levels of 150, 200, 400, and 600 Bq m-3 are 8.7%, 4.7%, 1.0%, and 0.2%, respectively. The geometric mean is 57 Bq m-3 while the geometric standard deviation is 2.0. The average values in the Italian Regions fall within the 20-120 Bq m-3 range. When the average radon concentration is examined vs. story, building materials seem to play a significant role. The average lifetime risk of lung cancer for chronic radon exposure of Italian population at home would be about 5 x 10(-3), using the risk factor proposed by the ICRP in 1993.