A chemical study of Potentilla anserina L. herb (Rosaceae) of Siberian origin led to the isolation of 17 compounds. Three ellagitannins-potentillin, agrimonic acid A and B-are reported for the first time in this species. With a view to rapid quantitative analysis, a new method was developed for simultaneous determination of major phenolic compounds in P. anserina, including caffeic acid, myricetin-3-O-glucuronide, agrimoniin, ellagic acid, miquelianin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucuronide, and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside. The quantitative determination was conducted by microcolumn reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Separation was performed using a ProntoSIL-120-5-C18 AQ column (60 mm × 1 mm × 5 μm) with six-step gradient elution of aqueous 0.2 М LiClO4 in 0.006 M HClO4 and acetonitrile as mobile phases. The components were quantified by HPLC-UV at 270 nm. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r 2 > 0.999) within test ranges. The reproducibility was evaluated by intra-and inter-day assays, and RSD values were less than 2.8%. The recoveries were between 97.15 and 102.38%. The limits of detection ranged from 0.21 to 1.94 μg/mL, and limits of quantification ranged from 0.65 to 5.88 μg/mL, respectively. Various solvents, extraction methods, temperatures, and times were evaluated to obtain the best extraction efficiency. OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2015, 20 225The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of selected pharmaceutical products: 12 batches of P. anserina herb collected from three Siberian regions (Yakutia, Buryatia, Irkutsk), two commercial samples of P. anserina herb, and some preparations (liquid extract, tincture, decoction, infusion, and dry extract).

Leptin plays an important role in thermoregulation and is possibly associated with the microevolutionary processes of human adaptation to a cold climate. In this study, based on the Yakut population (n = 281 individuals) living in the coldest region of Siberia (t°minimum −71.2 °C), we analyze the serum leptin levels and data of 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 10 genes (UCP1, UCP2, UCP3, FNDC5, PPARGC1A, CIDEA, PTGS2, TRPV1, LEPR, BDNF) that are possibly involved in nonshivering thermogenesis processes. Our results demonstrate that from 14 studied SNPs of 10 genes, 2 SNPs (the TT rs3811787 genotype of the UCP1 gene and the GG rs6265 genotype of the BDNF gene) were associated with the elevated leptin levels in Yakut females (p < 0.05). Furthermore, of these two SNPs, the rs3811787 of the UCP1 gene demonstrated more indications of natural selection for cold climate adaptation. The prevalence gradient of the T-allele (rs3811787) of UCP1 increased from the south to the north across Eurasia, along the shore of the Arctic Ocean. Thereby, our study suggests the potential involvement of the UCP1 gene in the leptin-mediated thermoregulation mechanism, while the distribution of its allelic variants is probably related to human adaptation to a cold climate.

Currently, adipose tissue is considered an endocrine organ that produces hormone-active substances, including leptin, which can play a key role in thermoregulation processes. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the influence of the climatic environment on leptin levels. A systematic literature search in the databases was carried out on 10 January 2020. Finally, 22 eligible articles were included in the current meta-analysis and a total of 13,320 participants were covered in the final analysis. It was shown that males of the “North” subgroup demonstrated significantly higher levels of leptin (10.02 ng/mL; CI: 7.92–12.13) than males of the “South” subgroup (4.9 ng/mL; CI: 3.71–6.25) (p = 0.0001). On the contrary, in the female group, a similar pattern was not detected (p = 0.91). Apparently, in order to maintain body temperature, higher leptin levels are required. The results of the study indicate that such effects are most pronounced in males and to a smaller extent in females, apparently due to a relatively high initial concentration of leptin in females. The correlation between leptin levels and climatic environment data support the hypothesis of leptin-mediated thermoregulation as an adaptive mechanism to cold climates.

To add new raw materials to the bread recipe in order to increase the nutritional value is associated with the changes of the properties of the dough. First of all, these changes relate to the fermentation processes and rheological properties. Flax can be used for directional modeling of food value of bread. However, the effectiveness of the enrichment of bread, as well as the degree of its influence on the technological properties and fermentation of the dough, depends on the dosage of flax. The objects of the study were flour mixes from wheat flour bakery and flour from oil cake flaxseed in the ratio of 92.5%:7.5%; 90.0%:10.0% and 87.5%:12.5%. Rheological properties of the dough were studied in the Mixolab. There were some established differences in the parameters of the rheological profile of the flour mixtures and fermentation of the dough obtained on their basis. Water absorption capacity increases consequently with the increase of dosage of flaxseed flour, kneading time, the time of the stable state of the dough and its initial acidity. "Viscosity", "Amylolytic Activity" and "Retrogradation" are decreasing. This contributes to a more rapid maturation of the dough and reduces the total duration of its fermentation 1,5 times.

We evaluated the special endurance (SE) of freestyle wrestlers with the help of complex tests of special working capacity, while simultaneously monitoring the change in levels of lactate concentration and LPO in the blood at the preparatory stage of the annual sport cycle. A total of 23 athletes with high sports qualification participated in the experiment. Athletes were tested in the field by "repeated marginal load" tests, including the operational test (OT) developed by the authors. The most noticeable shifts in the studied indicators were observed after the test load of OT, which indicates an increase in the glycolytic capacity of the athlete's body. Thus, our study shows the possibility of using our OT to analyze the anaerobic performance of elite athletes in freestyle wrestling. (International Journal of Biomedicine. 2017;7(3):251-253.)