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A passively Q switched intracavity optical parametric oscillator based on KTiOAsO 4 (KTA) crystal is studied theoretically and experimentally. The rate equation based theoretical model is established to describe the time evolutions of the population inversion density of the laser crystal, ground state population density of the saturable absorber, fundamental photon density, signal photon density and the idler photon density. In the experiment, a laser diode end pumped, passively Q switched Nd:YAG/KTA IOPO with a Cr 4+ :YAG crystal as the saturable absorber is realized to verify this model. The characteristics including the output power, the pulse repetition rate, the pulse width and the beam quality were investigated for this OPO. The experimental results for the output power and the repetition rate agree with the theory well. And both results show that with same pumping level the idler pulse width is shorter than the signal one.