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Abstract-In medical image processing, image denoising has become a very essential exercise all through the diagnose. Arbitration between the perpetuation of useful diagnostic information and noise suppression must be treasured in medical images. In general we rely on the intervention of a proficient to control the quality of processed images. In certain cases, for instance in Ultrasound images, the noise can restrain information which is valuable for the general practitioner. Consequently medical images are very inconsistent, and it is crucial to operate case to case. This paper presents a wavelet-based thresholding scheme for noise suppression in ultrasound images. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons of the results obtained by the proposed method with the results achieved from the other speckle noise reduction techniques demonstrate its higher performance for speckle reduction Index Terms-Medical imaging, Speckle noise, Ultrasound images, Wavelet Thresholding.

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The C. linum may be used as an effective antioxidant and antimicrobial agents to combat various ailments caused by the free radicals and the microbial species.Background: Plants are an essential and integral part of complementary and alternative medicine due to their ability to generate secondary metabolites that are used to restore health and treat many diseases. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the green seaweed Chaetomorpha linum. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of C. linum from the Mandapam coastal region of the Gulf of Mannar, on the southeast coast of India, were examined based on the free radical-scavenging activity of the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), ferrous reducing antioxidant property (FRAP), and total phenolic content in the methanolic extract. The antibacterial properties of the methanolic extract of C. linum were tested against pathogenic bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebseilla pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhimurium, by cup-plate agar diffusion method. Results: The DPPH scavenging activity was equivalent to an IC 50 value of 9.8 µg/mL ascorbic acid. The total phenolic content was 672.3 mg/g gallic acid equivalent, and the IC 50 value by FRAP assay was 8.2 µg/mL. The C. linum extract showed significant activity against the majority of bacteria, comparable with standard antibiotics. Conclusions: C. linum has potential as a natural antioxidant and a natural source of antimicrobials against many microbes.

Abstract-Our aim was to investigate the adverse effects of occupational exposure to trivalent chromium in tannery workers and unexposed persons. Trivalent chromium used in tanning industry is an environmental contaminant that acts as a carcinogen towards humans and animals. The carcinogenic potential of metals is a major issue in defining human health risk from exposure. In the present investigation, 84 tannery workers and 52 control subjects with similar mean ages, smoking prevalences and alcohol consumption were enrolled for DNA damage analysis in buccal cells by Micronucleus assay (MN). Workers showed a significant increase in micronucleated cells when compared to controls with respect to their smoking habits, alcohol consumption, age and years of exposure. The current study suggests that chronic occupational exposure to Chromium during tanning could lead to increased levels of DNA damage. The results of the present investigation are in agreement with those obtained with the same Cr (III) compounds in mutagenicity assays in bacteria and carcinogenicity tests in rodents. A re-evaluation of the mechanisms of chromium carcinogenisis is proposed.