Introduction:Condylar fractures of the mandible are functionally important fractures as the condyle of the mandible being a part of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and can lead to TMJ dysfunction if not properly treated.Materials and Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of a total of 33 treated patients with fracture of the mandibular condyle who underwent examination as per the Helkimo index. Their dysfunction was quantified and clinicoepidemiological characteristics were assessed. It was found that majority of our patients were young males involved in a two-wheeler accident. All patients underwent intermaxillary fixation as the minimum treatment and 30% underwent open reduction and internal fixation in addition.Results:There was no statistically significant association between the degree of clinical dysfunction and factors such as age, mechanism of injury, type of condyle fracture, presence of other mandible fractures, and surgical procedure. However, dislocation of the mandibular condyle was found to be a negative prognostic factor and all these patients had some degree of dysfunction.Conclusion:The overall prevalence of TMJ dysfunction according to the Helkimo index was 90%. About 61% of patients had mild dysfunction (Di1) and 30% had moderate dysfunction (Di2). None of the patients had severe dysfunction. To conclude, the Helkimo index is a simple, effective, inexpensive, reliable screening index to assess TMJ dysfunction in condylar fractures of mandible.

Anatomical variations, like bifid mandibular condyles, may mimic a fracture/tumour. Therefore, knowledge and awareness about this entity is important for a general dental practitioner.

Primary mucosal melanomas arise from melanocytes located in occult sites and can present along the mucosal membranes lining respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tract. Sinonasal melanomas are extremely rare. Infrequent tumour incidence has limited the insight about their pathogenesis and associated risk factors along with indefinite protocols for staging and treatment of mucosal melanomas. We report here a case of primary melanotic tumour involving the nasal cavity, which was detected at an early stage and operated. We also describe the histological features, imaging studies, and treatment options for this tumour along with a brief literature review. KEYWORDSMucosal Melanoma, Nasal Tumours, Lateral Rhinotomy. Majority of the melanomas are cutaneous in origin. Cutaneous tumours can develop anywhere on the skin, but are more likely to start on the trunk, chest, and back) in males and on the legs in females. 3 Unlike cutaneous melanomas, primary mucosal melanomas arise from melanocytes located in occult sites and can present along the mucosal membranes lining respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tract. The sinonasal melanomas are extremely rare and accounts for less than 1% of all melanomas. The rarity of the mucosal melanomas have limited the understanding of possible risk factors and the pathogenesis of this disease resulting in inadequacy of precise treatment options. We report here a rare case of melanoma of nasal cavity, which was diagnosed at an early stage and operated and the biopsy of which affirmed to be malignant mucosal melanoma. We also briefly discuss about cases reported in the past along with a literature review. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:

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Background: Our study aimed to assess the efficacy of 0.1% Octenidine mouthwash as an anti-plaque agent and to assess its effect on gingival inflammation and staining of teeth when compared to 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate by evaluating the impact on plaque and gingival inflammation as well as on microbial load. Materials and Methods: A three week double blind study was conducted on 69 subjects, aged 20-50 years, with moderate to severe gingivitis. The study population was divided into three groups with 23 subjects in each group: Group A - control subjects received only scaling, Group B received 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate in addition to scaling and Group C received 0.1% Octenidine mouthwash along with scaling. Clinical and microbiological parameters were recorded at baseline, on 14th day and on 21st day. Subjective and objective criteria were assessed on the 14th day and 21st day. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in all the tested parameters within all the three groups and between the groups from baseline to 21st day. The highest mean reduction in all the parameters was seen in subjects using 0.1% Octenidine. On comparison with the control group, subjects using the mouthwashes (Group B and Group C) had better improvement in clinical and microbiological parameters from baseline to 21st day. On comparison with chlorhexidine, Octenidine mouthwash significantly reduced plaque (p<0.05) and showed better patient acceptability. However, it was comparable to chlorhexidine in other two tested parameters. Conclusion: Owing to Octenidine’s pronounced and comparable antibacterial properties, it can be a promising candidate for the use in antiseptic mouthwashes.