Argumentation skills consist of 2 elements: skills to construct arguments and implement them. However, some studies show that students’ argumentation skills were low. This study proposed the 5E Plus learning model to improve students’ argumentation skills. The model consists of an element named Enliven and six syntaxes: Orientation, Engagement, Exploration, Explanation, Elaboration, and Evaluation. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the 5E Plus learning model in improving students’ argumentation skills. This study used Energy subject matter (which consisted of 3 topics, Mechanical, Heat, and Electrical Energy). The study’s sample consisted of 40 1st semester college students from the Natural Science department and was taken randomly. We used One-Group Pretest-Posttest as a research design and collected data using an argumentation skills test. The data was examined using an Independent sample t-test to determine the effectiveness of the 5E Plus learning model. The results were: 1) the 5E Plus learning model was effective for improving students’ argumentation skills, 2) All components of students’ argumentation skills were successfully improved, which warrant experienced the highest improvement, 3) Students’ argumentation skills in all three topics were successfully improved, which in Mechanical Energy topic the skills experienced the highest improvement.

This study aims to design a Scientific Reading-based Inquiry (SRbI) model that supports argumentation skills development. The assessment of these skills refers to the Toulmin Argument Pattern (TAP), and the participants were Biology Education students in a state university. Furthermore, the Design-based Research (DBR) approach was adopted by combining exploratory studies, trials, and case studies as part of an iterative process. The intervention was formed based on design principles derived from literature review and findings from exploratory studies. Also, observations were made during the trial and intervention process. Data in assessments and observations of written and oral arguments were collected and descriptively analyzed. The study, in three iterations, produced a framework as the basis for the SRbI learning model, with five phases: Reading Orientation, Recapturing, Processing, Communicating, and Reviewing. Therefore, the application of this learning model had a significant impact on the development of students’ argumentation skills.

This study aims to describe the problem-based learning and collaboration model on science learning in elementary schools in the Industrial Revolution era 4.0 and Indonesia Society 5.0. This research is qualitative and descriptive. Data collection activities at the preliminary stage are carried out by exploring elementary school teachers' perceptions of problem-based learning and its application in science learning in schools in Surakarta, Indonesia. Focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted on 20 elementary school teachers employing the open inquiry method. The discussion reviewed several topics related to the teachers’ perception of the problem-based learning application, the advantages and disadvantages of problem-based learning as the basis for modifying the learning model, and the importance of collaboration skills for elementary school students. The problem-based learning-collaboration (PBL-C) model is a development of the problem-based learning model, which is equipped with collaborative skill indicators from the Industrial Revolution 4.0 aspects and coordination indicators with various parties from Indonesia Society 5.0 aspects. The result of this research is the problem-based learning-collaboration (PBL-C) model design with six steps: (1) orientation of students to problems, (2) organizing students for learning and division of tasks, (3) guiding investigations on local community leaders, (4) proving the results of the investigation, (5) developing and presenting the work, and (6) analyzing and evaluating the problem-solving process.