A shape diagram of ZnO nanostructures grown by thermal evaporation of a ZnO:C powder (carbothermal method) was derived by varying the powder source temperature (T
p) and the substrate temperature (T
s). All other growth parameters including (1) the carrier gas composition, pressure, and flow, (2) the substrate and catalyst type, and (3) the system geometry were kept constant. Comparative selected growth experiments utilizing a laser ablation system were performed to establish the general nature of the results. The roles of T
s and T
p in the evolution of the ZnO morphology and the mechanisms leading to the different morphologies were highlighted.
ZnO nanowires (NWs) and other nanostructures were grown by laser ablation of a ZnO containing target onto different substrates with and without the presence of an Au catalyst. The morphology and structure of the NWs were studied using high resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopes [including imaging, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS)]. The different growth modes obtainable could be tuned by varying the Zn concentration in the vapor phase keeping other growth parameters intact. Possible growth mechanisms of these nanowires are suggested and discussed.
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