Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for treating third degree haemorrhoids, with a follow-up over 2 years. Methods We conducted a prospective, two-centre study to assess RFA of third-degree haemorrhoids in an outpatient setting. Treatment was performed under local anaesthesia, optionally in combination with sedation. The primary endpoint was analysis of a proctological symptom score ([PSS] bleeding, itching, pain, soiling) and proctological examination to detect recurrence at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery. The secondary endpoints were postoperative complications, incidence of postoperative pain, including administration of analgesics and time to return to daily routine. Results Ninety-eight patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 49.1 ± 10.9 (mean ± SD). 83 patients (84.7%) were male and 15 patients (15.3%) were female. The follow-up involved 100% (1 month), 95% (6 months), 86% (12 months) and 74% after 24 months. The individual symptom scores and overall PSS score decreased significantly in comparison to the initial score at each time point assessed. Prolapsed haemorrhoids decreased in comparison to the initial situation (100%) to 7.2% (1 month), 3.5% (6 months), 13.1% (12 months) and 13.7% (after 24 months). Thirteen patients (12.7%) required repeat haemorrhoid therapy during the 2-year follow-up period. The mean maximum pain score after the procedure was 2.5 ± 2.7 (determined with the visual analogue scale), while 33 (33.7%) patients reported having no pain. 59 (60.2%) patients did not take analgesics after the procedure. Eleven patients (11.2%) experienced minor complications (bleeding, fever, cramps, diarrhoea, anal venous thrombosis) but did not require additional treatment. Eight cases (8.2%) of major complications (infection, bleeding, severe pain) required treatment with antibiotics, a second intervention, analgesics or hospitalization. Conclusions RFA is safe and effective for treatment of third-degree haemorrhoids. The main advantages of this new method are its use on an outpatient basis under local anaesthesia, a very low level of postoperative pain and significant control of haemorrhoid symptoms over 2 years.
Hintergrund und FragestellungDas Hämorrhoidalleiden ist eine häufige proktologische Erkrankung und kommt in unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen mit den typischen Symptomen Juckreiz, Schmerz, Blutung und Nässen vor. In höheren Stadien (III-IV°) wird eine operative Therapie bevorzugt, während in den weniger fortgeschrittenen Stadien (I-II°) stuhlregulative Strategien sowie lokale ambulante Therapien wie Verödung und Gummibandligaturen mit Erfolg zur Anwendung kommen.In Deutschland werden im Falle einer operativen Therapie vorzugsweise resezierende Verfahren, wie die Exzision nach Milligan-Morgan oder auch die Stapler-Hämorrhoidopexie angewandt. Diese Verfahren bedürfen in der Regel einer Narkose, eines stationären Aufenthaltes und führen in unterschiedlichem Maße zu postoperativen Schmerzen mit der Notwendigkeit von Schmerztherapie und zu Arbeitsunfähigkeiten von ca. 1-2 Wochen. Aber auch nichtresezierende Verfahren, wie die Hämorrhoidalarterienligatur, eventuell in Kombination mit einer Mukopexie, sind in vielen Fällen durch relevante postoperative Schmerzen belastet. Auf der Suche nach einer schmerzarmen, sicheren und effektiven Therapie der fortgeschrittenen Hämorrhoidalstadien wurde in den letzten Jahren von einigen Anwendern die sog. Laserhämorrhoidoplastie eingeführt, die ebenfalls in Narkose und unter stationären Bedin-gungen durchgeführt wird. Bei dieser Methode mit unterschiedlichen Lasertypen wird allerdings ein submuköser Zugang über eine äußere Hautinzision nötig. Wir beschreiben in dieser Arbeit erstmals die Anwendung einer neu entwickelten Sonde, die mit Radiofrequenz betrieben wird (sog. Rafaelo ® : "radio frequency of haemorrhoids in local anaesthesia", Fa. F Care Systems, Antwerpen, Belgien). Zum Einsatz kam eine Sonde, die übereinOperationsproktoskop direkt in die Hämorrhoide eingeführt wird. Die Patienten wurden überwiegend in Lokalanästhesie und durchgehend im ambulanten Setting behandelt. Das Ziel die-Abb. 1 8 Schematische Darstellung der Rafaelo ® -Prozedur. (Mit freundl. Genehmigung F Care Systems) ser Arbeit war die Überprüfung von Sicherheit und Effektivität der Rafaelo ® -Methode bei Patienten mit segmentalem Hämorrhoidalleiden III°. Studiendesign und UntersuchungsmethodenEingeschlossen in die Behandlung wurden alle Patienten mit symptomatischen Hämorrhoiden im Stadium III°. Ausgeschlossen wurden folgende Patientengruppen: Patient/innen mit zirkulärem Analprolaps und Hämorrhoiden IV°, Patientinnen in der Schwangerschaft oder Stillzeit, Patient/innen mit Herzschrittmacher, Patienten/innen, die blut-204 coloproctology 3 · 2018 Tab. 1 Patientencharakteristika Anzahl Patienten 102 Altersdurchschnitt 49,9 (24-83) Jahre Geschlecht 91 männlich; 11 weiblich Vorbehandlung 46 % keine, 44 % Ligatur/Sklerosierung, 2 × Operation, 6 × RFA Anästhesie 80 % Lokalanästhesie, 20 % Sedation + Lokalanästhesie Anzahl behandelter Hämorrhoidalknoten pro Patient 60 Patienten/2 Hämorrhoiden 42 Patienten/1 Hämorrhoide Durchschnittlich verwandte Energie pro Hämorrhoidalknoten 1877 J Durchschnittliche Zeit der Energieappli...
Purpose Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common hereditary disorder and accounts for 5–10% of all cases of kidney failure. 50% of ADPKD patients reach kidney failure by the age of 58 years requiring dialysis or transplantation. Nephrectomy is performed in up to 20% of patients due to compressive symptoms, renal-related complications or in preparation for kidney transplantation. However, due to the large kidney size in ADPKD, nephrectomy can come with a considerable burden. Here we evaluate our institution’s experience of laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN) as an alternative to open nephrectomy (ON) for ADPKD patients. Materials and methods We report the results of the first 12 consecutive LN for ADPKD from August 2020 to August 2021 in our institution. These results were compared with the 12 most recent performed ON for ADPKD at the same institution (09/2017 to 07/2020). Intra- and postoperative parameters were collected and analyzed. Health related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using the SF36 questionnaire. Results Age, sex, and median preoperative kidney volumes were not significantly different between the two analyzed groups. Intraoperative estimated blood loss was significantly less in the laparoscopic group (33 ml (0–200 ml)) in comparison to the open group (186 ml (0–800 ml)) and postoperative need for blood transfusion was significantly reduced in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.0462). Operative time was significantly longer if LN was performed (158 min (85–227 min)) compared to the open procedure (107 min (56–174 min)) (p = 0.0079). In both groups one postoperative complication Clavien Dindo ≥ 3 occurred with the need of revision surgery. SF36 HRQol questionnaire revealed excellent postoperative quality of life after LN. Conclusion LN in ADPKD patients is a safe and effective operative procedure independent of kidney size with excellent postoperative outcomes and benefits of minimally invasive surgery. Compared with the open procedure patients profit from significantly less need for transfusion with comparable postoperative complication rates. However significant longer operation times need to be taken in account.
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