Dentro de los tratamientos térmicos utilizados en la industria alimentaria se encuentra la fritura a vacío,la cual ha mostrado ser una alternativa para conseguir productos con características sensoriales deseadas, menor contenido de grasa y mayor pérdida de humedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el contenido de grasa y humedad de chorizos con harina de garbanzo freídos a vacío. Para ello, se realizaron cuatro tratamiento: T1 (muestra control), T2, T3 y T4 con incorporación de harina al 3, 6, y 9 %, respectivamente, de los cuales se tomaron los dos mejores sensorialmente (T1 y T4). El contenido de humedad de chorizos, se realizó en un horno a 105°C de acuerdo con el método de la (AOAC 1980).Para el contenido de grasa se utilizó el método de soxhlet. La fritura se realizó adiferentes temperaturas (87.65, 90, 90, 120, 120, 120, 120,150, 150, 152.34 °C) con intervalos de tiempo de 4.0, 3.0, 5.0, 2.92, 4, 4, 5.07, 3, 5, 4 minutos. Se determinó que la mayor pérdida de humedad se dio a 152.34°C/4.0 minutos para T4, mientras que en T1 fue a 150 °C/3 minutos. Para la absorción de grasa, la mayor ocurrió a 87.65 °C a 4 minutos para T1, mientras que T4 presentó un comportamiento diferente. El contenido de humedad y grasa para todas las corridas fueron inversamente proporcional al tiempo y temperatura de freído, por lo que se puede decir que esta técnica de freír reduce la absorción de aceite, además de conservar las características sensoriales del producto.
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the kinetics of moisture and oil uptake during chorizo deep-fat frying as compared to atmospheric and vacuum conditions. The conditions in the process were 90, 120, and 150°C for vacuum frying and 160, 170, and 180°C for atmospheric frying. The kinetics of moisture loss during atmospheric and vacuum frying was studied from the analytical solution of Fick’s second law for cylinder geometry. Oil absorption was also determined using a first-order kinetic model. The moisture content decreased by 33.72% at the maximum process temperature and time during vacuum frying (150°C, 360 s), as compared to the atmospheric frying, which was 28.61% (180°C). The oil content at the end of the process (360 s) was 27.79% (90°C), 27.31% (120°C), and 24.82% (150°C) for vacuum-fried chorizos, and higher values were obtained in the atmospheric frying, obtaining values of 34.45% (160°C), 31.36% (170°C), and 28.47% (180°C) ( p < 0.05 ). In summary, the vacuum frying yielded sausages with a lower final oil percentage and higher moisture content; these results are promising because they may influence consumer preference for sensory parameters.
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