Objective:To compare the therapeutic cure rate and adverse reactions in the regimens of the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) with directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) and without DOTS.Materials and Methods:Fifty patients in the DOTS regimen and 50 patients in the non-DOTS regimen were enrolled in the study. All the participants were asked to come regularly for 3 consecutive days for sputum collection, and the sputum samples were examined for acid-fast bacilli. If tuberculosis (TB) was confirmed, the disease status was confirmed through a chest X-ray (PA view). The participants were monitored for adverse events arising from the use of anti-TB drugs for the next 6 months.Results:The TB cure rates for RNTCP with DOTS and RNTCP with non-DOTS were 80% and 66%, respectively. The DOTS therapy had a better cure rate for radiologically positive, sputum-positive cases compared with the non-DOTS regimen group. The non-DOTS treatment regimen had significantly increased numbers of adverse events in the hepatic and hematinic systems.Conclusion:The DOTS regimen has higher cure rates and a lower incidence of adverse reactions compared with the non-DOTS regimen.

Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with adverse renal effects caused by the reduction in synthesis of renal prostaglandins in sensitive persons or animal species, and potentially during long-term use in non-sensitive persons if resistance to side effects decreases with age. The effects of diclofenac sodium on the kidneys were studied during 4 1/2 hours in eight patients with normal renal function. Urinary output decreased within 10 min after the injection, and maximally by 80%. The renal plasma flow and the glomerular filtration rate initially diminished significantly, by 35%, but began to increase after only 2 hours. The dominant and persistent effect was a reduction of free water clearance, with maximum fall from 5.9 to 0.08ml/min after 2 1/2 hours. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diclofenac-induced acute nephrotoxicity using biochemical parameters in rats.Methods: 12 male Wistar rats allotted in 4 equal groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0, 10, 50 and 100mg/kg diclofenac, respectively and 12 hours after injection, blood serum samples were collected for assessment of basic renal function test parameters such as urea, creatinine, and uric acid, sodium, Potassium.Results: Rats treated up to 50mg/kg diclofenac were considered to be within normal range in rats. By increase in dose more than 50mg/kg showed significant increases in uremia were evidenced in intoxicated animals. Observed specifically in group IV Rats.Conclusions: In this study, uremia, as an indicator of kidney damage, was significantly increased depending on dose. Diclofenac may cause kidney damage depending on dose and this effect may also be observed. NSAIDs-induced nephrotoxicity may be due to the inhibitory effect of these drugs on prostaglandin synthesis, thus causing kidney ischemia.

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Background: Morphometric analysis of ventricular system is helpful in the diagnosis and classification of hydrocephalus and in the assessment and follow-up of enlargement of ventricular system during therapy (ventricular shunts). Present study was aimed to study morphometric assessment of the external anatomy of fourth ventricle & dorsal brainstem. Material and Methods: Present study was descriptive, observational study, conducted in apparently normal brain specimens from human cadavers with known age and sex. The brainstem was separated and the measurements of fourth ventricle & cadaver brainstem were made using millimeter rulers. Results: In present study among 60 fresh adult human cadavers, height & width of fourth ventricle was comparable among male & females, difference was not significant statistically.  Various brainstem measurements were comparable among male & females, difference was not significant statistically. Conclusion: Baseline anatomical baseline data helps in interpreting pathological changes, planning surgery, and determining presence and progress of some neurological diseases.

Background: Multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) is a disease stage in which at least two or three of the epicardial coronary arteries is involved with atherosclerosis of significant severity. The multi-vessel disease is often associated with a higher burden of comorbidities, left ventricular dysfunction, and cardiovascular risk. Dyslipidaemia is the commonest cause of the blood vessel diseases and their incidence has been rising all over the world thereby increasing the morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Dyslipidaemia is also one of the component of metabolic syndrome along with another group of cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure (BP), abdominal obesity, and insulin intolerance, whose concurrent appearance increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. To compare the efficacy of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in the management of hyperlipidaemia. To compare the dose-related efficacy of statins on lipid goal achievement in patients with hyperlipidaemia.Methods: This prospective, randomized, single-blinded interventional study was conducted for a period of 1 year [2014-1015] in medicine OPD in Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital. A total number of 100 patients with diagnosed multiple vessel blocks were included in this study. Among them, 50 patients were randomized to group A. 50 patients were selected to group B. 50 patients of the group A are treated with Atorvastatin up 10 mg once daily for 8 weeks. 50 patients of group B were treated with Rosuvastatin up to 10mg/day. For 8 weeks the results were analysed accordingly.Results: Even though both rosuvastatin 10mg/day and atorvastatin 10mg/day produced a reduction in total cholesterol (p<0.001) significantly, rosuvastatin produced a reduction in LDL levels (p<0.001) more significantly than atorvastatin 10mg/day.Conclusions: Rosuvastatin produces a greater reduction in serum LDL-C levels and should, therefore, be preferred over atorvastatin. Both the treatment regimens significantly decreased TC, TG, LDL C, VLDL C, but the reduction was more and statistically significant in Rosuvastatin when compared with atorvastatin-treated group at the end of 8 weeks.