3D printing, also called additive manufacturing (AM), is a method of creating 3D solid parts from a digital document. By utilizing additive routes, the fabrication of 3D-printed objects can be made. These layers can be viewed as a gently cut level cross-area of the manifest object. 3D printing is somewhat in obstruction to subtractive manufacture, which is expelling/discharging out a touch of metal or plastic for the occurrence of a milling machine. 3D printing authorizes creating multifarious profiles employing fewer materials than conventional fabrication systems. This review article provides the general idea of 3D printing production techniques, materials used, and applications in the aircraft and automobile industry and biomedical fields.

Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) are broadly used to change the monolithic materials in aviation, automotive, and defense industries owing to their superior characteristics such as specific strength with light weight, greater hardness, good wear resistance, and better thermal properties. This novel work was aimed at estimating the specific wear rate (SWR) of zirconium dioxide- (ZrO2-) filled AA8011 (Al-Fe-Si alloy) matrix composites. A Taguchi method and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to find out the optimum range of control parameters on SWR of proposed composites. The stir casting technique was used to fabricate the composite specimens with varying proportions (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) of ZrO2 particle addition. The wear tests were performed as per L27 orthogonal design by using a pin-on-disk apparatus under dry conditions. For this test, four control parameters such as wt.% of ZrO2, load, disc velocity, and sliding distance each at three levels were selected. Based on the experimental results, 15 wt.% of ZrO2, 29.43 N of load, 0.94 m/s of disc velocity, and 1000 m of sliding distance provide the minimum SWR of the developed composite sample. ANOVA result revealed that the load (49.04%) was the primary dominant factor for affecting the SWR, followed by wt.% of ZrO2 content (29.24%), respectively. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed to study the wear mechanism of worn-out surface of the composite test specimens.

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The present study was carried out to analyze the effect of process parameters during EDM machining of AA7075-10 wt.-% TiO2 aluminum matrix composite (AMC). The composite was produced through stir casting. The EDM process parameters such as the electrode material (Cu, Br, EN-8), pulse current (5, 10 and 15 A), pulse ON time (300, 600 and 900 μs) and pulse OFF time (30, 60 and 90 μs) were chosen to study the effects on material removal rate, surface roughness and the electrode wear ratio. The experiment was carried out as per L27 orthogonal array based on Taguchi’s design of experiments. Signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance were used to identify the contribution of each input parameters on the output responses of the EDM process. The experimental results shows that pulse ON time and pulse current are the most significant factors for the material removal rate; pulse ON time and electrode material are the most influencing parameters for surface roughness and the electrode wear ratio.

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