No abstract

The development of infrastructure, and transport infrastructure in particular, can be attributed to key factors in the economic growth of regions. In conditions of the development of society, the requirements for infrastructure are constantly increasing, which inevitably changes its quantitative and qualitative characteristics, modifying the structures of the infrastructure complex of a specific region. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account both the impact of the social and economic situation in a particular region on the development of infrastructure, and the reverse impact of infrastructure on regional development. In this connection, the transport infrastructure in the article is proposed to be considered as a subsystem of the regional economic system, which establishes institutional links and provides transport services both to the sectors of the regional economy and to the population. The increase in government spending on infrastructure development provides a multiplier effect in the economy. However, in modern conditions, a country may face investment restrictions. Most likely, in the coming years, the share of government spending on infrastructure will decline due to falling incomes first of all when selling energy resources. Obviously, in such conditions it is necessary to change the traditional formsand methods of managing the infrastructure complex, to find new "growth poles". The urgency of improving the spatial organization of the economy is explained by the need to increase the quality of life of the population on the basis of increasing the efficiency of the functioning of the regional economy. The use of transport accessibility as a criterion for the development of regions destroys departmental barriers,promotes a combination of sectoral and territorial planning, allows to take into account both the efficiency of the commercial activity of the transport complex itself, its quantitative and qualitative characteristics, and the impact of transport on economic and demographic processes, the standard of living of the population, and territorial economic development.At the same time, one of the problematic aspects of ensuring transport accessibility is its assessment. Since, if there are difficulties with the adequacy of the results of the assessment of existing realities, then decisions to increase it, as well as decisions related to the development of regions, may prove to be erroneous.The article analyzes different approaches to assessing the impact of transport on the social and economic development of regions. Methods for determining the impact of the territorial concentration of the transport infrastructure, taking into account production, social and population factors, are proposed.

Ключевые слова: трудовой потенциал, трансакционные издержки, трудовые ресурсы, сокращение издержек, человеческий капитал, управление потенциалом.Трансформация национальной экономики обуславливает необходимость инновационного развития хозяйствующих субъектов, которое невозможно обеспечить без грамотного использования человеческих ресурсов. Именно от их качества и трудового потенциала зависит рост конкурентоспособности и устойчивое экономическое развитие в долгосрочной перспективе. Однако поддержание трудового потенциала на достаточном уровне сопряжено со значительным количеством трансакционных издержек. В данной работе предлагается разработать рекомендации по сокращению таких издержек с целью управления качеством трудового потенциала компании. Новизна работы заключается в проработке существующих исследований по вопросам трансакционных издержек в трудовой среде с целью адаптации их к проблемам качества трудового потенциала. Авторами выявлена зависимость уровня качества трудового потенциала от различных факторов. Также была предложена функциональная модель, на основе которой возможно рассмотреть влияния отдельных видов трансакционных издержек на динамику качества трудового потенциала. Практическая ценность полученных результатов состоит в возможности использования предложенной функциональной модели к конкретным предприятиям и отраслям. Имеется возможность дальнейшего изучения темы с большей конкретизацией факторов и их адаптации к предприятиям, учитывая их отраслевую специфику.

Topicality. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the growing dynamics of marine pollution and power and uneven information flows that accompany the pollution process. This requires the creation of an information-analytical system to support decision-making on effective pollution prevention and elimination. And the creation of such a system, in turn, requires research on the theoretical and applied principles of its formation. Aim and tasks. The main purpose of the study is the development of theoretical and applied provisions on the peculiarities of the formation of information and analytical support of the marine environment from pollution and development of system approaches and mathematical apparatus for designing information transmission channels and ensuring efficient Traffic Engineering. Research results. Theoretical and applied bases of formation of information-analytical maintenance of protection of the marine environment from pollution by ships are investigated. Peculiarities of formation, first of all, connected with the existing branched normative-legal base of protection of water area from pollution are revealed. The mechanisms of pollution and their inherent characteristics of information flows are identified, which requires the use of methods Traffic Engineering. Mathematical formalization is proposed for efficient design of information transmission channels and ensuring efficient Traffic Engineering. An approach to assessing the effectiveness of the information transfer process and as the main criterion in Traffic Engineering for ISMP - resource utilization factor. The algorithm before the design check of the bandwidth of the information system routes under the dynamic variant of information processing is formalized. Conclusion. The presented article investigates the theoretical and applied aspects of the formation of a single information and analytical support for the protection of the marine environment, in particular, those features that are due to the existing regulatory framework and existing pollution mechanisms. A mathematical apparatus for designing information transmission channels and ensuring efficient Traffic Engineering. An approach to assessing the effectiveness of the information transfer process and as the main criterion in the method is proposed Traffic Engineering for ISMP - resource utilization factor. The algorithm before the design check of the bandwidth of the information system routes under the dynamic variant of information processing is formalized. All this allows creating the necessary conditions for the formation of a single information and analytical support for the protection of the marine environment.