No abstract

The purpose of this research is to study climatic and landscape characteristics of the Russian-Kazakh border region on the example of the Astrakhan region, affecting the formation of sustainable "green" buildings of ethno-cultural tourist clusters. In the course of the study, it was concluded that in order to reduce the influence of severe climatic factors of the region, to create comfortable environmental conditions and the microclimate of the premises, it is necessary to use landscaping of horizontal and vertical structural elements of the cluster building complex. The work carefully examined various types of vertical and horizontal landscaping (extensive and intensive). Based on the analysis of scientific research and expeditions to the region, the condition of existing green spaces in Astrakhan was carefully studied. Thus, as a result of the study, certain types of plants were identified and recommended for the technology of horizontal gardening of ethno-cultural tourist clusters in the Astrakhan region.

When designing an individual apartment building, there are great requirements for the organization of comfortable living conditions. Among the necessary components of the full functioning of the dwelling should be the visual favorability of the architectural space, which is, among other things, in relation to the natural environment in all its diversity. Man is surrounded by nature, which is harmonious and unique in all respects. For this reason, there has always been and is a need to see some of this nature in the architecture of the house and other buildings. In architectural design, natural components are actively involved in enhancing aesthetic harmony. The article is devoted to the study of the role of the natural aspect in ensuring the visual comfort of the architectural environment. The work also considers the importance of the natural component for the visual perception of the architecture of the building, the interior space and the personal territory of the residential building.

Organic architecture is based on unity with the natural context. Moreover, the natural environment in all its diversity has a positive effect on humans. Visual comfort is one of the necessary components of the sustainable architecture of an individual home. And visual auspiciousness as one of the aspects of environmental friendliness is gradually beginning to be included in the number of components of “green design”. The article discusses and analyzes the relationship of the principles of organic architecture with techniques for ensuring visual comfort of the architectural space of an individual residential building.

Microalgae possess unique properties: in the course of their life, microalgae, through the absorption of carbon dioxide, sunlight and nutrients, carry out the process of photosynthesis and turn into biomass. Biomass is further processed and many types of products are produced from it, such as oils, nutraceuticals, livestock feed, fertilizers and other substances. Some of them can be used as a renewable energy source, for example, for the production of biofuels. The production of biofuels using biomass as a renewable energy source, which is an inexhaustible source for solving the energy problem, is becoming increasingly important. The use of algae in architecture has brought many benefits, such as energy saving, reducing carbon dioxide emissions, oxygen generation, biofuel production, wastewater treatment at the micro level using building facades and at the macro level by integration into urban space. This article analyzes the problems associated with these aspects and proposes their solutions, which must be taken into account when further integrating photobioreactor systems into architecture.