Аim. Assessment of current climate changes in the territory of Ciscaucasia in order to predict the yield of winter wheat.Methods .Integral indicators of climatic conditions for agricultural production were employed. For the investigations, we selected five‐year periods for which the meteorological parameters were averaged, and to identify trends the data of specific five‐year periods were compared with the average value for the entireseries of observations (1960‐2020).Results. The deviation of precipitation in April was highest in 2011‐2015, when it increased by 22 mm, and in 1986‐1990 and 1991‐1995, when it decreased by 15 and 10 mm respectively. In Eastern Ciscaucasia,where conditions are more arid than in the Western and Central regions, in both the rise in air temperature and the amount of precipitation, especially in April and May, increased in the 21stcentury for the entire period of active vegetation.Conclusion.It was established that the value of the hydrothermal coefficient practically did not change during the 1960‐2020 period. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, there was an increase in productivity against the background of a relatively high level of annual precipitation and this stability is confirmed at the present time. There is a very close relationship between natural and climatic factors and the level of winter wheat yield.
Оценка происходящих процессов на сельскохозяйственных угодьях на территории Северо-Кавказского федерального округа Российской Федерации при их интенсивном использовании. Методы. Анализ литературных источников и общепринятых методик с использованием геоинформационных систем. Результаты. В федеральном округе два субъекта (Ставропольский край и Республика Дагестан) занимают 68,29% от всей территории и определяют основную сельскохозяйственную политику. Анализ показателей антропогенной деградации сельскохозяйственных угодий в субъектах округа выявляет, что в Республике Дагестан 84% территории подвергается деградации (водной эрозии), а в Кабардино-Балкарской Республике только 0,04% (осолонцеванию земель). Если рассматривать коэффициент деградации комплексно, то наивысший показатель в Дагестане составил 2,04. Заключение. Установлено, что в Северо-Кавказском федеральном округе антропогенная нагрузка на земли сельскохозяйственного назначения и, в первую очередь на сельскохозяйственные угодья, очень высока, при низкой обеспеченности населения пашней, что вызывает многие проблемы для региона, в том числе и социальные. Предложен комплекс мероприятий для повышения продуктивности угодий, усиления контроля со стороны государственных органов за использованием, охраной и улучшением земель и эффективным использованием капитальных вложений.
The Caspian lowland desert is a plain slightly inclined to the Caspian Sea, which covers an area of 2,148,648 hectares and is divided into northern, more arid, with semi-desert landscapes (Nogai Steppe) and middle that covers the deltas of the Terek and the Sulak. These territories are routinely used for animal husbandry with a forage base to be attributed to climate conditions. In recent decades, there has been a widespread rise in air temperature with different trends in precipitation. These trends are estimated based on the datasets from the Makhachkala and Lagan meteorological stations for 1960–2018. Despite the current climate changes, the conditions for heat and moisture availability to support the vegetation period estimated by the hydrothermal coefficient generally remain quite stable and sometimes even more enabling for a sustainable forage base to be formed in the region.
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