In the article the options for the application of aperture shapes with fractal properties in the design of optical systems are considered. Calculations of mathematical models of point spread functions of a diffraction-limited optical system are performed. The diffraction patterns of the light distribution in these systems are presented, and the point spread functions are considered for various shapes of the aperture stop. Analytical expressions are obtained for the light distribution depending on the pupil shape, which can be used to control the process of image formation. The pupil shape, which has the shape of an equilateral triangle, is chosen as the basic one, and the shape of the pupil as a "Koch snowflake" curve is also considered. Using the Fraunhofer integral, the dependences of the distribution of the spectral density of the complex amplitude on the aperture located on an opaque screen are derived in the Fraunhofer approximation and under the condition of illumination by a plane monochromatic wave. Using the relationship with the complex amplitude, the sought-for intensity distribution in the plane of the diffraction pattern is obtained. Taking into account the simplifications adopted in this article, the solution of the Fraunhofer integral is found, by setting the integration limits, depending on: the selected aperture profile, the coordinate system chosen for it, and the position of nodal points in this system

Осташковская ул., 12а 2 Ярославское высшее военное училище противовоздушной обороны МО РФ , 150001, Ярославль, Московский проспект, 28 3 Военно-космическая Краснознаменная академия имени А.Ф. Можайского МО РФ, 197198, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Ждановская, 13 Статья поступила в редакцию 5 сентября 2019 г. Аннотация. Рассмотрен подход к получению поляризационных векторов рассеяния для широкополосных сигналов при полнополяризационном зондировании пространства в режиме инверсного синтеза апертуры. Выполнено моделирование сигнала, отраженного от движущихся объектов при полнополяризационном зондировании в режиме инверсного синтеза апертуры. На основе моделирования получены полнополяризационный угломернодальностный портрет движущегося объекта с высокой разрешающей способностью по угловой координате при инверсном синтезировании апертуры. Ключевые слова: полнополяризационное радиолокационное зондирование пространства, дальностно-угловой портрет сложных целей, инверсный синтез апертуры.Abstract. An approach for obtaining polarization scattering vectors for wideband signals is considered for full-polarization sounding of space in the mode of inverse synthesis of aperture. The simulation of the signal reflected from moving objects during full-polarization sounding in the mode of inverse synthesis of the aperture is performed. Based on the simulation, a full-polarized angular-range portrait of a moving object with a high resolution in angular coordinate was obtained for inverse synthesis of the aperture.

Significant advances in development of the optical wavelength range require high-quality optical systems to create optoelectronic equipment on their basis characterized by high speed and information capacity. A method for calculating a compact-size Offner spectrometer was developed having the advantages of its compactness, maintaining high optical characteristics and having relatively low cost in comparison with the large-size equipment. The method is based on using the Rowland circles and the coma and astigmatism correction in the image plane. Analytical expressions were obtained making it possible to calculate design parameters of the spectrometer optical scheme. Two examples of calculating optical systems for visible and infrared ranges were considered. Calculated systems were simulated in the Zemax software program. To evaluate the synthesized optical models image quality, the confusion spot radius in the image plane was used. It is demonstrated that the confusion spot radius value does not exceed the value of the radiation receiver pixel size in the considered spectral ranges. Optimization was carried out for the IR spectrometer according to overall dimensions in order to improve the design manufacturability. It is shown that the principles laid down in the method development are effective, and the method itself could be used in design and development of new small-size hyperspectral optoelectronic equipment

The article discusses the possibility of detecting radar targets moving under the cover of active noise masking interference, acting along the main lobe of the antenna system's radiation pattern, and also using self-covering noise. It is shown that in radar stations with full polarization sounding of the space and measurement of the polarization scattering matrix (PSM), it is possible to synthesize a decisive rule for target detection against active noise-free correlated interference. This synthesis is possible on the basis of the determinant of the polarization scattering matrix, the value of which has the properties of invariance to the form of the polarization scattering vector. The analysis of the determinant of the polarization scattering matrix in the conditions of measuring its elements against the background of active interference makes it possible to identify differences in the values of the determinant under conditions of presence and absence of a target in the volume of space allowed by the radar system. In this case, the value of the determinant becomes the main information feature. A distinctive feature of the detector is the invariance to the form of the polarization scattering vector. The detector synthesis is based on differences in the signals of the secondary and primary radiation, which appear at the output of the PSM meter, namely, on the properties of the determinant of the polarization matrix of the scattering of the object and the signal received from the source of active interference. The purpose of the article is to illustrate the differences in the properties of the polarization scattering matrix at the output of the PSM meter in the presence of active interference and / or a useful signal, as well as the possibilities of using the existing differences in the properties of PSM and their estimates in the presence of active interference for the synthesis of a radar detector.

The research presents a method to synthesize lens data of an air meniscus built into the optical layout and acting as a correction element that fixes the field curvature of the entire optical system. The practical application of the proposed method is relevant when creating miniature lenses for medical video endoscopes when a small number of lenses and a flat image field for a CCD/CMOS sensor are important. Analytical dependencies for the lens data of the air meniscus are obtained and significant conditions for the field curvature correction are formed. A numerical example of a front stop lens design is demonstrated and confirms the correctness of the formulated conditions. A comparison of the aberration values of the original lens and an upgraded system is carried out. It is shown that, the values of the field curvature and astigmatism have been compensated as a result of introducing the synthesized parameters of the air meniscus into the optical layout. The correction is achieved while keeping the values of coma, distortion, focal length, and optical system total length at the level of the initial values.