Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) considered as one of the cardiovascular disorders (CVD) principle risk fac- tor as diabetes is associated with abnormal levels of endothelial function, inflammatory and adipocytokines. Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the impact of weight reducing on inflammatory cytokines, adipocytokines and endothelial function biomarkers among obese T2DM patients. Methods: One–hundred T2DM patients enrolled in the present study; the age range was 35-55 year. Participants shared in this study were enrolled in group (A) received diet control and aerobic exercise on treadmill, while, group (B) had no inter- vention for 3 months. Results: The mean values of body mass index (BMI), tumor necrosis factor –alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, inter-cellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) ,vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), E-selectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity (PAI-1 activity) were significantly decreased and adiponectin was increased significantly in the training group, however the results of the control group were not significant. Also, there were significant differences between both groups at the end of the study. Conclusion: Weight reducing program modulates inflammatory cytokines, adipocytokines and endothelial function bio- markers among obese T2DM patients. Keywords: Diabetes; endothelial dysfunction biomarkers; cytokines; adipocytokines; weight reduction.

Background: Low back pain as a symptom affects many individuals around the globe regardless of their economic status or sociodemographic characteristics. During the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic, students found themselves obligated to sit down for long periods of time. The aim of this current study is to investigate the impact of these prolonged periods of sitting down in front of computers on developing a new episode of low back pain. Methods and Materials: This research adopted an observational cross-section study design. Students who are currently enrolled or had experienced distance learning classes in the last 6 months were eligible to participate. An online-based questionnaire was developed by the investigators through reviewing the literature with relevant objectives. McNemar’s test was used to compare certain variables between two periods before and during online distance learning. We used paired t-tests to compare pain intensity before, during, and after online learning, while a chi-square test was used to investigate correlations between factors influencing low back pain. Results: A total of 84 students participated in the study—46 (54.8%) females and 38 (45.2%) males. Before online distance learning, only 42.9% of participants reported low back pain, while only 20% had a back injury. The mean pain scores before, during, and after online distance learning were (2.85 ± 2.16, 4.79 ± 2.6, and 4.76 ± 2.7), respectively. The pain scores before online learning were significantly lower than pain scores during and after online distance learning (p < 0.05), respectively. Conclusion: The study findings suggested that low back pain prevalence increased among students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research should study participants’ behavior during the online learning and assess the long-run impact of distance learning among high-school and undergraduate students.

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Physiotherapy is a profession that helps to restore movement and function following an injury or illness. This study sought to identify the physical therapy knowledge of physical education teachers and sports coaches in Jordan. This study is a cross-sectional study conducted on several sports coaches and physical education teachers in Jordan. Participants were given the questionnaire through google forms, and they were all advised to fill it up. A predetermined selection criterion was used to select the participants. Out of 250 volunteers chosen for the study, only 152 questionnaires were selected for the final analysis. A self-administer questionnaire consisting was developed, which includes two parts. Part I collects the demographical data, and part II contains the questionnaires, including physiotherapy. The consent form is attached with the questionnaire, and those who gave consent to use the data were included in the analysis. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. with the alpha set for significance at <0.05. Overall, it identified that 84% of the sports coaches and physical education teachers know physiotherapy services well. This study concluded that a more significant proportion of the sports coaches and physical education teachers have a good understanding of physical therapy services provided to the sports personnel in Jordan. They have good knowledge of physical therapy techniques and services provided, and they also have a good understanding of their role in on-field and off-field management.