Background: Salmonella typhi cause typhoid fever which is life threatening disease. It effects approximately 600,000 people per annum around the world. Food and water are the integral components through which this disease is transmitted and becomes base of typhoid. It spreads widely where cleanliness is very poor. Objective was to analyse three-dimensional structure of transcriptional regulator of Salmonella typhi CT18 by homology modelling to inhibit virulent effect of salmonella typhi. Methods: Bioinformatics tools and programs like comprehensive Microbial resource (CMR). Interproscan, Basic Local Alignment Search tool (BLAST), Modeller 9.10, Procheck and Prosa were used as bioinformatic tools for effective study of protein. Results: Homology modelling is an appropriate and precise method to find three-dimensional transcriptional regulator to stop its virulency. Conclusion: Homology modelling is computational and accurate method to find 3D structure of transcriptional regulator to inhibit its virulence effect of causing disease.

Background: Salmonella typhi is a gram negative, flagellated, rod shaped facultative, anaerobic bacterium belonging to family enterobacteriace. It is etiological agent of typhoid fever. It spreads through contamination of water and under cooked food. It has caused death in many countries where sanitation is poor. It has evolved the ability to spread in deeper tissues of human body..Objective: To identify the function and structure of hypothetical proteins of Salmonella typhi CT18 by using bioinformatic programs.Material and Methods: The 3D structure of these proteins was carried out by the help of Bioinformatics programs such as CMR, Interproscan, BLAST, Modellor 9.10, Procheck and Prosa. Functional annotation was carried out by using Interproscan and structure analysis was carried by homology modeling using Modeller.Results: It was found that there are 4934 proteins are present in Salmonella typhi out of which, 12.1 % were hypothetical proteins. Among hypothetical proteins, results of 463 proteins were shown by interproscan,6.3% were functionally detected proteins, 2.6% were uncharacterized proteins and for rest no hits were found. For homology modeling, 5 proteins were selected. The three dimensional structure of proteins was constructed by Modeller 9.10.Conclusion: Structural bioinformatics is an effective method to find structure of hypothetical protein which provide good solution for drug discovery.Keywords: Homology Modelling, Hypothetical proteins, Typhoid fever,Modellor, Structural Bioinformatics.

Background: Obesity is a global challenge all over the world. Body mass index is a good marker to measure the adiposity. Obesityis one of the important risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Normal random blood glucose levels are closely regulated in healthwith a normal range of 4.4-7.8mmol/l (79-140mg/dl), despite the varying demands of food, exercise and fasting. Many diabeticpatients are obese and studies suggest a strong association between the two.Objective: To find an association of BMI with blood glucose level in undergraduate healthy students of Ayub Medical CollegeMaterial and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2018, capillary blood samples were collected from 152students of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad to evaluate blood glucose level by Accu chek softclix® lancing device and Accu chekglucometer®, BMI was calculated by the formula (weight in kg/ height in meters squared). Data was collected and analyzed bySPSS version 23.Results: Total 152 (100%) healthy participants with 84 (55.3%) males and 68 (44.7%) females included in this study. Their ageswere ranged from 18-25 with a mean age of 21.02 years (min 17 max 26) having a standard deviation of 1.75. By taking thecorrelation between two parameters i.e. body mass index and serum random blood glucose level by Pearson product of moment(p=.214, r=101) a non-significant result was found.Conclusion: It is concluded that there is no significant association found between two parameters (BMI and serum BGL) in healthyyoung adults.