Background: Currently, the world is in a challenging situation due to Covid-19. The ministry of health in Pakistan reported the first case of Covid-19 on 26th February 2020 in Karachi whereas on the same day in Islamabad, the second case was confirmed in Pakistan. Objective: To assess the prevalence and risk factors of covid-19 mortality and its impact on social life of Pakistani population Methodology: This retrospective study was carried out at the Department of Pathology, Gomal Medical College, Medical Teaching Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan for a period of ten months from March 2021 to December 2021. All the data was taken from the hospital record to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with the mortality of covid-19. For determining the influence of covid-19 on the social life, online survey was conducted. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 24. Results: In the current study, the overall prevalence of covid-19 was 6%. The most common risk factors associated with the covid-19 was Diabetes mellitus in 25 (71.43%) subjects, hypertension in 22 (62.86%), ischemic heart disease in 16 (45.71%) while chronic liver disease was observed in 3 (8.57%) subjects. According to the survey, 420 (70%) participants thought that covid-19 will be controlled worldwide while 450 (75%) subjects thought that covid-19 will be controlled in Pakistan. Worry of contracting covid-19 even with protective measures was observed in 420 (70%) subjects. Conclusion: Our study reported that the prevalence of covid-19 was 6%. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and ischemic heart disease were the major associated risk factors with the mortality of covid-19 and the overall impact of covid-19 on social life of Pakistani population was not good according to our study. Keywords: Covid-19; Prevalence; Mortality; Social life

Background: As a result of the COVID-19 epidemic, many people's lives and livelihoods are at risk. All aspects of everyday life, including education, have been affected by the epidemic. Objective: As a result, we performed this cross-sectional study to learn more about how students from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa feel about COVID-19. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which respondents completed an online, self-administered form to get the information. Six questions deal with socio-demographics, fourteen ask about knowledge, seven ask about attitude, and eight ask about practice. Raosoft's sample size calculator was used to calculate the final sample size. Results: Five thousand participants, comprising 2250 (45%) men and 2,750 (55%) women from all across the nation, completed this poll. Analysis of the data was done using a chi-square test. Almost all of the students 4750 (95 percent) were aware that COVID-19 is caused by a virus and that it is a respiratory illness 4600 (92 percent). During the lockout, many students continued to see their family members 2,750 (55 percent), and their family members continued to visit them at home 2950 (59 percent). The students' answers to particular questions concerning the spread of the virus differed greatly. Although (p 0.01), women had more awareness about how to avoid illness transmission from patients who had been infected with the virus. Conclusion: In the wake of the COVID-19 epidemic, the vast majorities of college students were well-prepared, had a positive outlook, and were actively practicing their knowledge and skills. Aside from demographics and gender, the KAP scores also vary by family size. During times of crisis, it's critical to keep the public informed about the need to practice preventive practices. Keywords: knowledge, covid-19, attitude, students, practices, Khyber pakhtunkhuwa

Background: Salmonella typhi gives rise to typhoid fever which is life threatening illness.It puts end to approximately 600,000 people per annum around the world.Food and water are the leading components through which this disease is passed on and becomes origin of typhoid.It lays out widely where cleanliness is very substandard. Objective: To construct 3 dimensional structure of protein Methyl Transferase of Salmonella typhi CT18 by homology modeling. Materials and Methods: Bioinformatic tools and programs like Comprehensive Microbial Resource (CMR), Interproscan, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), Modellor 9.10, Procheck and Prosa were helpful for the complete homology modeling of methyl transferases (STY 3264).The models were visualized by DS Viever. Results: Homology modeling is an effective method to find structure of methyl transferase protein for future discovery of drugs. Conclusion: Homology modeling is an effective method to find structure of protein which provides good solution for drug discovery. Keywords: Methyl transferase ,Homology modeling, Typhoid fever,Salmonella typhi CT18.

Background: Salmonella typhi cause typhoid fever which is life threatening disease. It effects approximately 600,000 people per annum around the world. Food and water are the integral components through which this disease is transmitted and becomes base of typhoid. It spreads widely where cleanliness is very poor. Objective was to analyse three-dimensional structure of transcriptional regulator of Salmonella typhi CT18 by homology modelling to inhibit virulent effect of salmonella typhi. Methods: Bioinformatics tools and programs like comprehensive Microbial resource (CMR). Interproscan, Basic Local Alignment Search tool (BLAST), Modeller 9.10, Procheck and Prosa were used as bioinformatic tools for effective study of protein. Results: Homology modelling is an appropriate and precise method to find three-dimensional transcriptional regulator to stop its virulency. Conclusion: Homology modelling is computational and accurate method to find 3D structure of transcriptional regulator to inhibit its virulence effect of causing disease.

Antibiotic resistance is more challenging in third world countries due to irrational use of antibiotics and poor antimicrobial resistance surveillance. The current study is aimed to determine the molecular characterization and mutational analysis of antibiotic resistant genes of E. coli isolated from UTIs patients. A total of 112 E. coli isolates were recovered from UTI suspected patients from Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Peshawar. The collected samples were identified phenotypically by API-10S strips and confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction. The selected antibiotic resistant genes were detected by PCR and subsequently sequenced by Next Generation Sequencing. The results of antibiogram revealed that the E. coli isolates were resistant to various antibiotics; Ampicillin, Cotrimoxazole and Ciprofloxacin while showed good results against Tigecycline, Meropenem and Cefoperazone-Sulbactam. Molecular analysis showed that 72 isolates were HIGHLIGHTS• Mutational analysis of antibiotic resistant genes of E. coli in UTI Patients.• These genes were detected by PCR and sequenced using NGS.• E. coli isolates were positive for GyrA gene, GyrB gene, tetB and tetR gene.• The novel mutation was detected in gyrB gene at codon554.