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The study was carried out to evaluate Datura stalks as an alternative raw material for paper production. The proximate analysis of Datura stalks, black and wash liquor analysis and strength properties of paper was characterized. The results revealed that Ash, Lignin, Hot water solubility, 10% NaOH solubility, Alcohol-benzene solubility and Holocellulose content of Datura stalks were of the order of 9.57, 15.81, 15.9, 57.9, 11.75 and 62.51 per cent respectively. The values of black liquor include pH, Total solids, Chemical oxygen demand and color were 8.66, 4.68%, 81342 ppm and 66203 PCU respectively, while as for wash liquor the respective values were 8.34, 0.95%, 35739 ppm and 21702 PCU. The physical strength properties of standard sheets of 60 gsm of pulp at 8% soda pulping were as tensile strength (37.51 Nm/g), tear index (5.29 mN.m /g), burst index (1.87 kPa m 2 /g) and double fold number (243). The corresponding values of those standard sheets where no chemical (control) was added were 12.95 Nm/g, 1.9 mN. m 2 /g, 0.09 kPa. m 2 /g and 12 respectively. The results revealed that the Datura stalks at 8% soda pulping was well suited for better grades of paper as well as cheap grades of paper and board because of its better physical strength properties and higher cellulose and low ash content.

CaCl2 solution and Ca(OH)2 slurry, both prepared from marble waste (MARWAS), were carbonated with CO2 gas in the presence of CTAB, SDS, Teepol-610s, Triton-X, and Tween-80 as the surface modifiers in a semi-batch foam-bed reactor (FBR) to synthesize ultrafine or submicron PCC particles with enhanced hydrophobicity. Nano/ultrafine PPC particles with and without surfactant were also synthesized in a semi-batch stirrer reactor (SR) using CaCl2 solutions made from MARWAS and NH4HCO3 as the carbonating agent by single or simultaneous application of ultrasonication (US) and surfactant, respectively. The products were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and drop shape analyzer. In the presence of SDS in the FBR, distinct and smaller hydrophobic (water contact angle of 103.3o) vaterite particles (426 nm) could be produced using CaCl2 solution than those with the Ca(OH)2 slurry. However, in the SR, methanol was found to be more effective than the aqueous solvent in synthesizing needle-like aragonite nanoparticles (215.6 nm with L/D = 8.55) from CaCl2 solution without any use of US or surfactant. Handmade papers were manufactured using ground MARWAS powder, modified and unmodified PCC. The physical, mechanical, and optical properties of these filler-loaded papers were determined. The use of surface-modified and unmodified PCC was superior to the commercial PCC in increasing filler retention, burst strength, tear strength, brightness, and opacity of the paper hand sheets. Even the direct use of MARWAS powder was found to be more effective than GCC in enhancing the optical properties, although a slight decrease in the mechanical strength was observed.