Snake envenomation is a major public health challenge in the interior Sindh region of Pakistan. Ocular complications ensuing snake envenomation are comparatively scarce. A case report of bilateral proptosis and blindness in a 3-year-old girl presenting 5 days after a snakebite is a rare manifestation. Even antivenom and other medical/surgical management could neither reverse her visual loss nor save her life. This report has enlightened the eminence of problems related to snake envenomation in the interior Sindh, Pakistan, and highlights the need for early referral and that ocular manifestations must be treated as an emergency.

Aims: The objective of this survey was to evaluate how routinely and efficiently the skill of fundus drawing is practiced among retinal specialists. Fundus drawing is an invariably accepted evidence worldwide for documenting various retinal disorders. Methods: A self-administered online questionnaire was circulated among various ophthalmologists. Potential participants were vitreo retinal surgeons and those ophthalmologists who work in a vitreo retinal department within Asia, United Kingdom and USA. The                   respondents were asked to mark either “YES” or “NO” for the given questions through google survey form. Results: Responses were obtained from 68 ophthalmologists in total out of which 57(83.82%) were retinal surgeons and 11(16.18%) were not. 32 (46.38%) admitted drawing fundus diagrams in their routine practice whereas, significantly 37 (53.62%) were not practicing it routinely. 45(66.18%) confessed that they draw single colored fundus drawings of retinal patients and 23(33.82%) did not. Conclusion: Regrettably, a large number of ophthalmologists according to our survey seem to be unenlightened with the imperative requirement of a fundus diagram in order to document various retinal pathologies in vitreo retinal patients, despite the fact that this skill has been considered mandatory in routine clinical practice of ophthalmologists.

Objective: The purpose of this review article is to highlight the efficacy of Vancomycin and Ceftazidime formulated in different solutions for ocular use in the management of microbiological Ocular infections varies. Methodology: To locate and assess all relevant literature, we employed systematic review as a search approach, utilizing punctilious and unambiguous methodologies. We initiated by stipulating key terms and selecting appropriate databases for your literature search. To find replicable and reportable publications from high-quality peer-reviewed journals, we used Google Scholar, PubMed, and Research Gate. Results: Ceftazidime precipitated at 37 degree Celsius, but not at room temperature, however it did not show any effect on the pH of the medium. In both the media of Normal Saline and Balanced Salt Solution, it precipitated on its own or when coupled with vancomycin. Ceftazidime was initially prepared in Balanced Salt Solution rather than Normal Saline, which resulted in further precipitation. Ceftazidime prepared in Normal Saline precipitated to 54% after 168 hours in the dialysis chambers, compared to 88% in Balanced Salt Solution. Ceftazidime synthesized in Normal Saline declined from an initial concentration of 137.5 to 73.4 µg/ml  after 48 hours, while ceftazidime prepared in Balanced Salt Solution decreased to 6.3µg/ml. Vancomycin precipitation was inappreciable. Conclusion: Vancomycin did not precipitate in Normal Saline or Balanced Salt Solution, according to this systemic study. Regardless of the presence of vancomycin, ceftazidime precipitated, and it precipitated more expeditiously if it was produced in Balanced Salt Solution rather than Normal Saline.