In recent history, immunotherapy has become a viable cancer therapeutic option. However, over many years, its tenets have changed, and it now comprises a range of cancer-focused immunotherapies. Clinical trials are currently looking into monotherapies or combinations of medicines that include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), CART cells, DNA vaccines targeting viruses, and adoptive cellular therapy. According to ongoing studies, the discipline should progress by incorporating patient-tailored immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockers, other immunotherapeutic medications, hormone therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Despite significantly increasing morbidity, immunotherapy can intensify the therapeutic effect and enhance immune responses. The findings for the immunotherapy treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) are compiled in this study, showing that is possible to investigate the current state of immunotherapy, covering new findings, PCa treatment techniques, and research perspectives in the field’s unceasing evolution.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has shoved most of the countries to implement restrictions for transportation and all other social activities to minimize spread of disease to the people. India is the second most populated country in the world which has implemented a historical complete lockdown throughout the country from the last week of March to April 2020 with an extension up to the first week of May 2020. This lockdown has slowed down the pollution levels in most of the cities in India within the first few weeks of the lockdown. In this view, the present study discusses the air quality scenario of Chennai, one of the megacities of India, scientifically. With the aid of air quality data of the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, India, for five parameters such as PM 2.5 and P.M 10, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and air quality index, the authors correlated the pre-during-post lockdown air quality of Adyar, Chennai. The results indicated that the concentrations of particulate matter reduced to about 50 � 80 % during the lockdown compared to pre-lockdown. The concentrations of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were decreased to 50% and 20%, respectively, within the first week of lockdown. Further the data were compared with the pollution data for the past two years (2018 and 2019). The present study gives insight on the reduction of pollution in proportion to the temporary control of pollution source at particular interval could rejuvenate the environment.