In this study the antiemetic effects of droperidol, ondansetron and their combination were evaluated in 160 ASA Grade I and II children undergoing surgery for strabismus, who were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Group D received droperidol 75 μg kg−1, group O ondansetron 0.1 mg kg−1, group D+O received both droperidol 75 μg kg−1 and ondansetron 0.1 mg kg−1, and group N NaCl as placebo. Emesis within the first 24 h occurred in 95.0% of the children with placebo medication, compared with 32.5% (D), 40.0% (O) and 45.0% (D+O) in the groups with antiemetic prophylaxis. The differences between group N and all other groups were significant (P<0.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups D, O and D+O. It is concluded that droperidol (75 μg kg−1) and ondansetron (0.1 mg kg−1) both significantly reduce PONV in children undergoing surgery for strabismus. Neither ondansetron, nor the combination D+O were superior to droperidol alone.

Ondansetron, droperidol and their combination for the prevention of post-operative vomiting in children Summary antiemetic prophylaxis. The differences between group N and all other groups were significant In this study the antiemetic effects of droperidol, on-(P<0.001). However, there were no statistically sigdansetron and their combination were evaluated in nificant differences between the groups D, O and 160 ASA Grade I and II children undergoing surgery D+O. It is concluded that droperidol (75 g kg −1 ) and for strabismus, who were randomly assigned to one of ondansetron (0.1 mg kg −1 ) both significantly reduce four groups: Group D received droperidol 75 g kg −1 , PONV in children undergoing surgery for strabismus. group O ondansetron 0.1 mg kg −1 , group D+O re-Neither ondansetron, nor the combination D+O were ceived both droperidol 75 g kg −1 and ondansetron superior to droperidol alone. 0.1 mg kg −1 , and group N NaCl as placebo. Emesis within the first 24 h occurred in 95.0% of the children Keywords: vomiting; strabismus surgery; drowith placebo medication, compared with 32.5% (D), peridol; ondansetron. 40.0% (O) and 45.0% (D+O) in the groups with concern about undesirable effects, e.g. sedation or * P<0.001 group N vs. all other groups; † P<0.001 group D+O vs. N, P < 0.01 D+O vs. O; ‡ P<0.001 group N vs. D+O, P < 0.05 N vs. D and O; § P<0.05 group N vs. D and O; ¶ P<0.05 group N vs. D+O.

In patients with norepinephrine-refractory septic shock no directional changes in measured variables were found in the first 24 h after a plasmapheresis. Thus, regarding the cost (ca. 1000 euros per separation) and possible risks the procedure needs rigorous evaluation even as "rescue therapy" in patients with septic shock.

Delayed wound healing and the potentially resulting chronic wounds are a challenging clinical problem. Available therapeutic strategies are limited in both number and efficacy. For developing and establishing novel treatment approaches appropriate clinically relevant animal models are essential. The aim of the study was to establish a reliable and reproducible delayed wound healing model, which simulates the clinical scenario of compromised vascular tissue perfusion (hypoxia/ischemia). Therefore a standard rodent ischemic flap model was modified by challenging the tissue with ascending degrees of ischemia using different surgical approaches (minimal, mild, moderate, and severe ischemic invasive approach). Then a full-thickness circular wound was excised in both the non-/hypoperfused flap area and in the normally perfused contralateral region serving as an internal control. Wound healing progress was compared. Superficial tissue perfusion was measured by Laser Doppler imaging technique, which showed persistent ischemia in the moderate and severe invasive surgical approaches 7 days after wounding. Wound closure assessed by planimetric analysis occurred significantly slower in the ischemic wounds compared to the contralateral nonischemic wounds in the moderate invasive approach. Histologic evaluations in this approach showed signs of tissue necrosis and impaired angiogenesis in the ischemic wounds. Therefore, it can be concluded that this clinically relevant animal model is suitable to study mechanism in ischemia-impaired wound healing. Furthermore, it allows evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic strategies for impaired wound healing and comparing the results with an internal control wound.

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