The venous anomaly of a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) affects 0.3%–0.5% of the general population. PLSVC with absent right superior vena cava, also termed as “isolated PLSVC,” is an extremely rare venous anomaly. Almost half of the patients with isolated PLSVC have cardiac anomalies in the form of atrial septal defect, endocardial cushion defects, or tetralogy of Fallot. Isolated PLSVC is usually innocuous. Its discovery, however, has important clinical implications. It can pose clinical difficulties with central venous access, cardiothoracic surgeries, and pacemaker implantation. When it drains to the left atrium, it may create a right to left shunt. In this case report, we present the incidental finding of isolated PLSVC in a patient who underwent aortic valve replacement. Awareness about this condition and its variations is important to avoid complications.

Background: As anesthesia is used routine basis on every surgery, it is required to assess the side effects of the anesthesia. Recent research has focused on the cognitive dysfunctions followed by general anesthesia. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to observe the influence of general anesthesia on cognitive functions in patients of abdominal surgery. Methods: The present study involved 40 patients of gastro intestinal surgery, within the age group of 20 to 60 years of age. Both the genders (males =15), Females =25) were included in the study Spatial and verbal memory was assessed using standard methods. Results: Majority of the patients belongs to age group of 41-50 years. Same was observed in case of male population. But more females belong to age group of 30-40 years (52%). There was significant decline in the spatial and verbal memory scores followed by the administration of anesthesia. The twotailed P value is less than 0.0001 for verbal memory. By conventional criteria, this difference is considered to be extremely statistically significant. The mean of Group One minus Group Two equals 3.00. 95% confidence interval of this difference: From 2.30 to 3.70. The two-tailed P value is less than 0.0001 for spatial memory. By conventional criteria, this difference is considered to be extremely statistically significant. The mean of Group One minus Group Two equals 3.00. 95% confidence interval of this difference: From 2.55 to 3.45. Conclusion:There was significant decline in the cognition scores followed by administration of anesthesia. There is a need to study more in this area to understand the relationship between the two variables and also plan the proper management strategies.

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Background: Removal of the gall bladder is one of the most common surgeries and is associated with many side effects. After the surgery, management of pain is the most important Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess and compare the post-surgical analgesic effect of local anesthetic drugs for patients of cholecystectomy. Methods: The present study involved 30 patients who had undergone surgical removal of gall bladder and within the age group of 30 to 50 years of age. A visual analog scale was used to assess the pain levels in the patients. This is a standard scale to assess pain. Occurrence of adverse events like somnolence, nausea, and vomiting, and dizziness were observed among the two groups. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were assessed using an automated blood pressure instrument manufactured by Omron. Results:The study results suggest that both drugs are effective in the management of post-surgical pain. However, when compared, group 2 who received lidocaine showed better improvement as pain scores were significantly lower when compared with group 1. There is no significant difference in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. But there is a significant difference in pulse rate. This correlated with the pain scores in the group 2 population. Conclusion:The study results support the views of earlier studies to use the local anesthetic drugs for the management of pain after the surgery. The study recommends further studies in detail with more sample size and multiple centers to recommend this concept for the benefit of the general population.