Twenty patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy (MMD) were compared with twenty controls on a battery of standardised neuropsychological tests measuring motor and cognitive functions. The MMD patients performed significantly poorer on both motor and cognitive tests, particularly those assessing spatial functions. Although both motor and cognitive scores were correlated with age, significant diagnostic group by age interactions were present only for the motor measures. Therefore, while motor deficits in MMD may progress with ageing, cognitive deficits are mainly developmental and relatively stable.
Traditional methods of collecting functional outcome measures are widely used for lower extremity arthroplasty outcome assessment. Wearable sensors are emerging as viable tools for functional outcome measures in monitoring of postarthroplasty recovery. The objective of this review was to compare the efficacy of wearable sensors with traditional methods for monitoring postarthroplasty functional recovery. Articles were searched for inclusion in this review that used both traditional and wearable sensor functional outcome measures to assess lower extremity function before and after lower extremity arthroplasty. Two independent screeners reviewed all articles, and resolved differences through consensus and consultation with the senior author. Studies that met inclusion criteria were evaluated for methodologic quality using performed risk of bias assessments. Results from several traditional and wearable sensor functional outcome measures from baseline through follow-up were normalized across studies. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Six studies used statistical methods to directly compare functional outcome measures and eight studies used qualitative description of comparisons. This review found evidence that wearable sensors detected nuanced functional outcome information on the specific biomechanics and timing of recovery, which were unaccounted for using traditional methods. Wearable sensors have shown promising utility in providing additional recovery information from lower extremity arthroplasty compared with traditional functional outcome measures, but future research is needed to assess the clinical significance of this additional information.Wearable sensor technology is an emerging clinical tool providing advanced and determinative data with the potential for advancing the assessment of lower extremity arthroplasty outcomes.
Introduction: A common refrain in public health and medicine concerns the rapidly rising incidence of obesity and metabolic-like syndromes over the last two decades. A plethora of data suggests there are many roots to the issue and what to do about it. The rise of childhood obesity and the growing incidence of adult endocrine diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus in paediatric populations are the most concerning. One of the solutions that aims to tackle health and food justice issues is the Farm-to-School programme (FTSP), which helps bring local fruit and vegetables (FVs) to schools and associated nutrition-related programmes. In the USA, a significant expansion of FTSPs has happened since the early 2000s. Numerous economic, social and nutritional benefits of these programmes have been documented, and various methodologies have been used to elucidate the benefits and barriers. Method: This paper reviews the multifaceted strengths of FTSPs including health, institutional and farm-related benefits. The paper also discusses federal- and state-level environment and the obstacles to FTSP implementation. Conclusion: FTSPs offer a comprehensive way to strengthen childhood nutrition education and stimulate local communities economically and socially. FTSPs increase the purchase of locally produced food items, resulting in higher incomes for small farmers. FTSPs have also increased community engagement and new opportunities for farming businesses. In sum, FTSPs can be considered a boon for local schools, producers, communities and better health outcomes for school-age children. Teaching children about food literacy could prove beneficial for supporting their self-efficacy regarding foods and encouraging lifetime healthy dietary behaviours.
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