Global warming and climate change are among the most immediate challenges confronting humans in the 21st century. Artificial photosynthesis represents a promising approach to mitigating the environmental crisis. Recently, people demonstrated that interfacing semiconductor, polymer, or metal-based nanomaterials with specific bacteria can generate built-in artificial photosynthetic systems, enabling solar-to-fuel conversion by forming a basic photosynthetic unit from a network of light-harvesting receptors, molecular water splitting and CO2, or proton reduction machinery. As a cutting-edge research direction, several strategies have been employed to create the artificial photosynthetic biohybrids. Notably, understanding of the molecular basis of these photosynthetic biohybrid systems is the key to improving the solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency. In the current review, we highlight the study of charge uptake channels in biohybrid artificial photosynthetic systems using various nanomaterials and microbes. We emphasize the importance of fully understanding the structures and operating mechanisms of these hybrid systems, as well as the criterion to select suitable microbes and photosensitized nanomaterials.

The RANEY® Ni–Sn(x) alloy catalysed the one-pot conversion of biomass-derived furfural and levulinic acid to allow remarkable yield of 1,4-pentanediol (up to 90%) under the mild reaction conditions.

The synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) from iron ore as source of Fe3O4 has been done. Fe3O4 MNPs were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) for phase and size, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer for bonding, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer for magnetic properties. XRD pattern confirms the existence of a Fe3O4 phase and size average 15 nm and suitable for magnetic nanoparticles. FTIR spectrum shows a band at 418-480 cm−1 and 603 cm−1 for the Fe-O bond vibration from Fe3O4. The coercivity, remanence, and magnetization saturation of the Fe3O4 MNPs studied in this investigation are 59.34 Oe, 30.43 emu/g, and 2.68 emu/g respectively and these observations indicate that the sample approaches towards superparamagnetic behaviour. This study agree with the result previously reported.

No abstract