A variety of non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions involve the nasal cavity, paranasal sinus and are fairly common presentation encountered in clinical practice. Sinonasal lesions are a common finding in all age groups. The lesion of nose and paranasal sinuses are very deceptive so, the presenting features, clinical examination, nasal endoscopy, radiodiagnosis and histopathology are employed conjointly to reach a diagnosis. This cross sectional study was conducted between November 2014 and September 2016. 150 patients with nasal or paranasal sinus lesions attending ENT OPD were included. Among 150 patients there was a male predominance in all lesion except malignant lesions and most of the patients 72 (48%) were in the age group 11- 30 years. Mean age of presentation for benign lesions was 33.64 years and of malignant lesions was 49.14 years. The study showed that 96 (64%) of the nose and PNS lesions were of inflammatory nature followed by 22 (15%) benign, 18 (12%) granulomatous and 14 (9%) malignant, Inflammatory polyp being the most common diagnosis. Haemangioma was the most common benign neoplastic lesion whereas in granulomatous lesions most common diagnosis was tuberculosis. The maximum lesions 74 (49%) were in maxillary antrum. The most common clinical presentation was nasal obstruction, with unilateral nasal obstruction seen in 84 (56%) cases and bilateral nasal obstruction in 50 (33.3%) cases. Angiofibroma 6 (4%) was exclusively seen in adolescent males. Olfactory neuroblastoma 4 (2.6%) was diagnosed in females with mean age of presentation of 30 years. Sinonasal lesions display a complex and interesting spectrum of clinical, radiological and histopathologic features. The non-neoplastic lesions are numerous, the morphologic variants of neoplasms are many and most of them present as polypoid masses which are impossible to distinguish clinically. Hence a proper workup including histopathological and radiological categorization is essential in the management of these lesions.

Chronic otitis media (COM) is one of the oldest disease affecting ears and undoubtedly represents the main area of interest within modern otology. As the main cause of COM is malfunction of Eustachian tube, it is probable that a patient with COM will have a disorder in contralateral ear (CLE) as suggested by the Minneapolis group-called as Continuum Theory. This prospective, observational study was conducted in department of ENT at a tertiary care centre of central India from Sep 2012 to May 2015. Study consisted of 537 patients of unilateral COM who fulfilled the eligibility criteria. After careful history and thorough examination of diseased ear and CLE, findings of diseased ear, CLE and 6 months postoperative findings CLE were entered into performa. The data was entered into SPSS software and further analysis was performed. Out of 740 patients of COM operated in our department, 535 (72.9 %) patients had unilateral COM which were included in the study. The mean age was 24.3 (SD ± 10.63) ranging from 11 to 55 years, of these 51.4 % were females and 48.6 % were males. Out of 535 unilateral COM, 365 (68.2 %) had mucosal while 170 (31.8 %) had squamous type of disease and 30.9 % of total CLE had abnormal findings. The pre and post-operative findings were compared which came out to be statistically significant and there was significant difference in pre and post-op PTA also (0.001). The significant improvement in postoperative status of CLE achieves our objective and also strongly supports the theory of Continuum. The unilateral COM should not be taken as a static phenomenon but as a continuous process in other ear too. We could also shows a significant improvement in the CLE after treatment of diseased ear, this knowledge can be effectively used in therapeutic planning of diseased ear, counselling of patient regarding other ear and if necessary providing therapeutic intervention in the other ear at the earliest.

Chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma is a fairly common condition presenting in any ENT clinic and its surgery remains one of the most challenging surgeries in otology. The primary goal of cholesteatoma surgery is to clear the disease and produce a safe and stable ear but there is still debate on whether these goals are best achieved by canal wall down or canal wall up procedures. A retrospective study was done to access benefits of modified radical mastoidectomy (MRM) with type III tympanoplasty in terms of eradication of disease and hearing improvement. It consisted of 140 patients of chronic otitis media (attico-antral) who underwent MRM with type III tympanoplasty in 156 ears in a tertiary care centre. Temporalis fascia graft was used for tympanoplasty. Results were analyzed in terms of condition of cavity, condition of graft and gain in hearing. The study showed significant improvement in gain in air conduction (21.24 dB) and closure of AB gap (15.62 dB). In the Indian population with low socio-economic status and poor follow up, single stage canal wall down procedure (MRM) provides maximum benefit to patients in terms of eradication of disease and hearing improvement.

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A hospital based prospective study to compare and evaluate the efficacy and convenience of various office procedures like chemical cauterization, fat plug myringoplasty and butterfly cartilage tympanoplasty. This interventional, prospective, longitudinal study carried out on 300 patients in the ENT department of a tertiary care medical college hospital in central India between January 2009 and January 2015. The success rate was found to be 94.54, 91.12 and 97% in chemical cauterization, fat plug and butterfly cartilage tympanoplasty respectively ( value 0.246). In all the groups there were significant improvement in terms of hearing in decibels and AB gap postoperatively. No statistically significant association was found in between the failure rates in all the groups. From this study we conclude that all the procedures were simple, rapid, reliable, cost effective, takes less time and minimum hospital stay (day care) than conventional tympanoplasty. We strongly recommend these procedures in place of tympanoplasty in small to medium size central tympanic membrane perforations according to condition and convenience of the patients.