Objective The study was aimed to determine the association between salivary fructosamine and plasma glycated hemoglobin, plasma fasting and postprandial glucose levels among patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus and nondiabetic healthy individuals. Materials and Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted in a hospital setting. A total of 100 participants were included, with 50 participants in each group—group I (patients with type II diabetes mellitus) and group II (nondiabetic healthy individuals). Blood and saliva samples were collected to estimate the levels of the blood and salivary parameters. Depending upon the normality, appropriate tests were used— t -test and Mann–Whitney U test were used for continuous data. Pearson chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used for discrete data. To test for any positive association between salivary and blood parameters, simple linear regression was carried out. Results The study results showed that group I had significantly higher levels of salivary fructosamine when compared to group II ( p < 0.001). In groups I and II a significant positive association was observed between salivary fructosamine and plasma glycated hemoglobin (group I, r -value 0.893; group II, r -value 0.307). Conclusion The overall study results showed that salivary fructosamine levels were significantly higher in patients with diabetes when compared to nondiabetic individuals. Also, positive correlation was observed between salivary fructosamine, plasma fasting, plasma postprandial, and plasma glycated hemoglobin among both the groups.

Background: Breast cancer in women is a major health burden across the globe, which accounts for 12% of all new cancer cases and 25% of all cancers in women. Though studies have demonstrated a significant reduction in mortality and morbidity by periodic screening using mammography, its cost and exposure to radiation are prohibitive factors in subjecting the patients to a repetitive mammogram examination. Hence additional adjunct procedures which can overcome these disadvantages and enhance screening are advocated. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (c-erbB-2) is a biomarker that can be detected in saliva of breast cancer patients. An elevated level of this protein indicates the presence of an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. Aim: The aim of our study was to determine the levels of salivary c-erbB-2 in patients diagnosed with different stages of breast cancer. Methods: 90 patients, histopathologically diagnosed with breast cancer were divided into three groups based on TNM staging (Stage I, II, and III) with 30 patients in each group. 3 ml of unstimulated saliva was collected from these patients and the protein was estimated using ELISA kit. Appropriate statistical tests were used to analyze the demographic details and mean salivary c-erbB-2 levels. Results: The mean salivary c-erbB-2 levels in groups I, II and III were 9.933(±5.105), 59.633(±17.14) and 146.695(±22.418) picograms/mL respectively. There was a significant increase in the levels of the protein with an increase in the TNM staging in patients with breast cancers. Conclusion: This study results throws light on the potential use of salivary c-erB-2 as an adjunct screening and prognostic tool for breast cancer. However further studies are recommended to assess the utility of this biomarker for the diagnosis and posttreatment monitoring of breast cancer.

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