BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cancer of the cervix is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women World Wide. Therefore to curb the disease there is need of awareness of this disease. This study is aimed to categorize the premalignant and malignant lesions at the earliest, to reduce the mortality and morbidity. It also aimed to know the incidence of malignancies at our set up and to calculate distribution of patient in relation to parity and symptoms. DESIGN AND SETTING: Study included 215 patients with complain of white discharge per vagina, per vaginal bleeding and backache attending the gynecology OPD over a period of 05 years. PATIENT AND METHODS: Patients were subjected to cervical biopsy and biopsies were sent to pathology department. Detailed clinical history, age, age at marriage, parity and socioeconomic status was obtained. RESULT: Result were classified histopathologically as inflammatory lesions 70 cases, polypoidal lesion were 30, LSIL accounted for 32 cases and HSIL were 20 cases and 30 were malignant lesions. Under malignant category moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest. Maximum numbers of patients were subjected to cervical biopsies in 3 rd decade of life. Malignancies were common in 3 rd & 4 th decade of life. Most of the cases were of parity 4. CONCLUSION: Tissue biopsy is a valuable diagnostic procedure on which surgeons and radiologists still rely.
Introduction: Safety and efficacy of blood donations depends on selection of suitable donors. Understanding the prevalent reasons of non-suitability of donors can help understanding the donor pool demographics to develop better donor recruitment and screening strategies. Material and Methods: This is across sectional retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in central India over a period of two years from January 2017 to December 2018. The donor registry from in hospital donation as well as the blood donation camps were analyzed for the pattern of deferral. Results: Total 18,025 people donated blood during the study period. During this period the number of deferrals was 681. The overall deferral rate was 3.77%. Males constituted the majority of donors (17586, 97.56%), and expectedly majority of deferrals were in males (626, 3.47%). The most common reason of temporary deferral in donors was recent alcohol intake is 197(28.93%) potential donors which was exclusively in the males. The most common reason of permanent deferral was hypertension (59, 8.66%). The common reason for deferral among deferred females was low hemoglobin (26, 47.27%) and that in deferred males was alcohol intake (197, 31.46%). Conclusion: Donor deferral is essential to ensure the safety of both the donor and recipient of the blood; however, it can also lead to non-return of temporarily deferred donors. A pattern and trend in donor deferral could be used as a reference for developing policy and future initiatives in donor education, encouragement and retention.
Introduction: Cervical lesions are the leading cause of morbidity in Indian women and cervicalcancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide next to breast cancer. Objectives:To study the age distribution, the relative frequency of various cervical lesions and histopathologicalfeatures of cervical lesions. Materials and Methods: This is a two & half years retrospective studyof all cervical biopsies and hysterectomy specimens received from September 2017 to March 2020 inthe department of pathology. Result: In a total of 485 cases studied 359 (74.1%) cases were non-neoplastic, 107(22%) were preinvasive and 19 (3.9%) cases were malignant. Cervicitis was themost common non-neoplastic lesion and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common cancer.Conclusion: Our study highlights a vast spectrum of cervical lesions and therefore early detectionand management of certain lesions can help in reducing morbidity.
Introduction: Blood transfusion continues to be a possible source of pathogens in transfused patients. The pattern of transfusiontransmitted infections (TTI) varies between regions. Knowledge of prevalence of TTIs is essential to monitor safety of blood transfusion by ensuring better practices of collection and processing of blood components. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of TTI in blood donors in a tertiary care hospital in central India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was performed from 2012 to 2017 in a tertiary care government hospital in central region of India. The study analyzes all voluntary and replacement blood donations received through the hospital in its blood bank and blood donation camps organized by the hospital. Results: A total of 54, 831 units of blood was collected over a period of 6 years. Prevalence of TTI in the blood donors was 1.45%. Prevalence of seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), syphilis and malaria were 0.31%, 0.75%, 0.065%, 0.22% and 0.1% respectively. Among all the potential donors, the most common TTI prevalence was that of Hepatitis B followed by HIV and syphilis. Conclusion: Public awareness, careful donor selection, vigilant screening and adoption of newer techniques for inactivation of pathogens are needed to ensure safety of blood products and their transfusion. The public outreach programs such as blood donation camps could be used as a way of spreading awareness to improve the safety and efficacy of a blood donation program.
BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a well-established simple, safe technique among diagnostic tests for evaluation of thyroid lesions. It helps for the preoperative diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions, thus minimizing and preventing the unwanted surgeries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective study is to classify various cytomorphological lesions of the thyroid swellings in our setup & to know the age and sex incidence. METHOD: A retrospective study of 506 patients was conducted from January 2003 to December 2013 in pathology department of our hospital, Chhattisgarh Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur. Fine needle aspiration of all cases was done after detailed clinical history, physical examination and thyroid function test. Then lesions were classified cytomorphologically. Age and sex incidence was calculated. RESULTS: FNAC results were classified as inadequate material, non-neoplastic, neoplastic and malignant. Out of total 506 cases studied. 416(82.2%) were non neoplastic 64(12.6%) were neoplastic 17(3.35%) were malignant lesions and 9(1.77%) cases were inadequate material. Age and sex incidence was calculated. Thyroid lesions showed female predominance, out of 506 cases, 428 were females and 78 were males. Commonest malignancy was papillary carcinoma of thyroid (7 cases). CONCLUSION: FNAC is a safe, simple less expensive widely accepted outpatient procedure for diagnosis of thyroid lesions. It also helps to avoid unwanted surgical interventions in patients with benign lesions.
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