A series of new 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles have been designed, synthesized and their structures were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometric techniques. The target compounds are designed as analogues for the anti-cancer agent Combretastatin A-4 with different aliphatic side substituents. The synthesized novel heterocyclic compounds were evaluated as anticancer molecules against colon cancer cell line (SW480) using the crystal violet cytotoxicity assay. The results revealed that these compounds have growth inhibitive effect on the cancer cells with different inhibition levels. Compound 5a with -SMe group was found to be the most active one with 77.4% cell growth inhibition and 10 µM IC50 value, it was also found to have relatively low cytotoxicity when tested against Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) normal cells line. The levels of the antioxidant total capacity of the synthesized triazoles have been determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay against ascorbic acid as a reference antioxidant agent at 50 μM. Compound 4 showed highest antioxidant activity with DPPH radical scavenging capacity of 71%.

Three 1,2,4-triazole derivatives B, D, and E were evaluated their effect on the activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in vivo serum and liver injury in mice that exposed to thioacetamide. Male rats of the present experiment were randomly divided into six equal groups. First group (C-) the animals were received normal saline as a negative control. Other five groups: C+ and T1-T4 exposed to oxidative stress by thioacetamide 100 mg/kg. The four animals' groups T1, T2, T3 and T4 were received thioacetamide 100 mg/kg and treated orally with 0.21 mg/kg daily with ascorbic acid (A), compound B, compound D and compound E, respectively. The experiment was carried out for eight weeks. The results indicated that the tested compounds exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity. The highest activity of SOD enzyme values was recorded of compound D 2665 IU/L compared to ascorbic acid as a standard antioxidant agent 1657 IU/L. On the other-hand the increasing in the activity of GPX enzyme value was recorded after administration of compound D 2010 IU/L compared to ascorbic acid as a reference antioxidant agent 1682 IU/L at the same conditions. Significant differences in the responses of antioxidant enzymes to the different types of tested compounds were probably due to by the variant number and site of functional group in structure of studied compounds. The results suggested that alteration in enzymes activities may be applicable to the capacity of the liver and other inspected organs to cope with oxidative stress poisoned thioacetamide. The results of current study concluded that compounds B and D appeared clear improvement in scavenging activity to modulate toxicity of thioacetamide and regeneration of hepatocyte as well as normalized body function. Altogether, the results that were obtained from the present study could lead to design of new potent molecules via development of them in future studies.

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Lithiation of N'-(2-methylphenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea with three molar equivalents of tert-butyllithium at 40 to 30 C takes place on the nitrogen and on the methyl group at position 2 of the phenyl group. The lithium intermediate thus obtained reacts with a variety of electrophiles to give the corresponding side-chain substituted derivatives in high yields.

The first palladium -catalyzed coupling reactions of 1,3,5-triphenyl pyrazoline are reported. The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of 3-(4-bromophenyl)-1,5-diphenyl pyrazoline with one equivalent of arylboronic acids afforded 3-(biphenyl)-1,5-diphenyl pyrazoline in 53-78 % yield. While the Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of 3,5-bis(4bromophenyl)-1-phenyl pyrazoline with two equivalent of arylboronic acids gave 3,5-bis(biphenyl)-1-phenyl pyrazoline in 55-80% yield. The characterization of the synthesized derivatives (5a-h) and (6a-h) were accomplished on the basis of NMR, FT-IR, and mass techniques. The newly pyrazoline derivatives have been investigated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The dicoupling compounds (6a-h) exhibited promising antibacterial against all four bacterial strains compared to the mono-coupling compounds (5a-h) which displayed a slight activity. The compound 6d showed a potent activity significantly more active than Trimethoprim (100μg/ml).