Introduction:The temporalis muscle flap is an axial pattern flap based on the anterior and posterior deep temporal arteries. It is most commonly utilized after maxillectomy. The temporalis flap splits into anterior and posterior halves, or the entire muscle used as a flap.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to: 1. Evaluate the esthetic and functional outcome by using temporalis muscle flap for reconstruction of intraoral defect. 2. Assess the effectiveness of temporalis muscle flap in intraoral defects. Study Design: It was a Descriptive studySetting: The study carried out at department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery King Edward Medical University / Mayo Hospital Lahore. Sample size: 30 patients who presented with intraoral defect were included in this study. Subjects and Methods DurationSample Technique: Nonprobability Sampling (Purposive).Results: Success rate was ninety percent in this study. Failure of flaps encountered in 10% cases especially in older and immunocompromised patients. Conclusions:Temporalis muscle flap is a good choice for most of the intraoral defects especially those in palatal and buccal region.

Aim: To estimate the frequency of cervical lymph node extracapsular spread in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Methodology: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Lahore from 1st December 2021 to 30th November 2022 and 50 diagnosed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled. Computed tomography scan was conducted for the diagnosis in addition to the histopathology of the samples. The CT scan images were used for identification of lymph node size, shape, and central necrosis. The frequency of the extracapsular extension of lymph nodes with the central necrosis was correlated with histopathology. Results: The mean age of the patients was 60.5± 11.1 years with 60% of the cases were males and 40% of the cases were females. 36% of those patients were having a history of smoking, 22% were having a history of taking pan, 14% supari & chalia, 8% alcoholics and 6% consuming gutka. The primary tumor site identified through clinical and diagnostic imaging was anterior 2/3rd of tongue in 38% followed by posterior 1/3rd of tongue in 20%, buccal mucosa 14%, mandible and lip each as 10%, maxilla 4%, floor of mouth and retromolar trigone region each as 2%. It was observed that T3 and T4 cases had more ECS than T1 and T2 with a percentage of 20% and 30% respectively. Practical implication: Knowledge of frequency and burden of this disease in Pakistan will assist in generating more efficient management and treatment protocols with early detection strategies of oral squamous cell carcinoma through association analysis and biomarker role of cervical lymph node extracapsular spread. Conclusion: Extracapsular spread is observed more in patients having advanced stage tumor or having advanced grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Key words: Extracapsular spread, Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Recurrence, Histopathological examination

Objectives: Surgical treatment of patients with multiple mandibular fractures involving condylar segments may be a difficult proposition for a maxillofacial surgeon. These fractures can be double or triple fractures of the lower mandible and can also be associated with other fractures of the face. While many authors have suggested that the conventional approach to reducing and stabilizing a mandibular symphysis / para-symphysis fracture is appropriate before addressing a fractured condyle, there is another school of thought that suggests that the condylar segment should be reduced and repaired first. This article aims to review the results of operations where the reduction and fixation of a fractured condyle is performed prior to other associated mandible fractures, and to explore the effectiveness of various surgical methods including preauricular and retromandibular proposed in this case. Place and Duration: In the Oral and Maxillofacial surgery department of Faryal Dental College, Lahore for two-years duration from Jan 2018 to Jan 2020. Material and methods: The study included 60 surgically treated patients with multiple mandible fractures (double / triple), including the condyle component. For treatment of the fractured condylar segments, the preauricular and retromandibular (anterior parotid-transmasseteric) approach was used. Results: Condyle fracture was the first segment to be managed during sequencing of surgical treatment, regardless of the method used. First, good reduction and stabilization have been achieved with limited complications in treating a condyle fracture. Conclusion: While it is the surgeon's prerogative to sort multiple mandible fractures, addressing the condylar segment first provides the operator with a viable alternative to the conventional technique. Key words: condylar fractures, multiple mandibular fractures, preauricular approach, retromandibular approach

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