This study's findings can be used as evidence to boost the frequency of physicians' performed skills by promoting previous experience with international disaster relief and disaster medicine training. Additionally, these results may contribute to enhancing the quality of medical practice in the international disaster relief and disaster training curricula. Noguchi N , Inoue S , Shimanoe C , Shibayama K , Matsunaga H , Tanaka S , Ishibashi A , Shinchi K . What kinds of skills are necessary for physicians involved in international disaster response? Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(4):397-406.

Objectives: This study aimed to clarify factors related to Japanese nurses' tolerance toward Indonesian nurse trainees.Methods: We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey from May 21, 2015 to June 13, 2015 targeting Japanese nurses in a hospital accepting Indonesian nurse trainees.Results: We received responses from 97 of the 109 participants (collection rate: 89%, valid response rate: 100%). "Length of education," "overseas travel experience," "number of countries traveled," "length of stay," and "foreign language learning experience" were significantly related to tolerance and this supported results from previous research targeting residents. Foreign language learning experience had a significantly greater influence on increasing tolerance compared to agreement with policies on introducing foreign nurses. These are important findings when considering future nurse education and smooth cooperation with foreign nurses. Although no research thus far exists on Japanese nurses working alongside foreign nurses in Japan, research on accepting foreign nurses has begun in Japan after the EPA signing. However, most of this research was on the original countries' nursing education and nursing systems, and were surveys of Japanese nurses and nursing students on the positives and negatives of accepting foreign nurses.Writing about Japan's acceptance of foreigners, Kozakai states that although Japan welcomes information and concepts from different cultures, it also rejects the actual people who create and bring those things (Kozakai, 1996). Previous research has also shown that most nurses have negative feelings toward foreign nurses (Kawaguchi, 2009;Takahashi, 2014). Considering Japan's declining birthrate, aging population, and nurse shortage, as well as the global trend of cross-border nurse expansion, it is predicted that opportunities to work alongside foreign nurses will increase in the future. Therefore, it is essential to work together to minimize friction between those from different cultural backgrounds.Yasuda reports that tolerance of people who are different is important in promoting cooperation, building trust, and generating smooth business conduct with foreigners when accepting foreign workers of different cultural backgrounds into the Japanese workplace (Yasuda, 2009). Tolerance among people in the accepting majority is thought to lead to intercultural adjustment for foreigners and understanding on both sides (Adachi, 2008).The relationships between tolerance of foreigners and "age," "academic background,"and "experience with foreigners and different cultures" have been widely reported within the domestic and foreign sociology and social psychology fields. Tolerance of foreigners is DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14391/ajhs.11.1 Asian Journal of Human Services, VOL.11 1-17 3 Services Human generally greater the younger someone is (Tanabe, 2001;Matsumoto, 2004; Hirota, Machimura, Tajima et al., 2006;Mori, 2006;Ito, 2011;Nukaga, 2006;Ohtsuki, 2006;Mazumi, 2015;Bettelheim, 1949; Quillian,1995)...

Objective: In this study, we clarified the current status of international nursing education at the national university and investigated issues related to education in the future.Method: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed by mail to the educators responsible for international nursing education (one per university) at 42 nursing departments of national universities. The survey period was from July 1 st to September 30 th 2016.Results: Responses were received from all 20 universities with full-time educators. For the 22 universities without full-time educators, information was collected by phone, email, and from the homepage of their specific university. As a result, information was obtained for all 42 universities. Of these, 85.7% implemented international nursing education and 52.4% have established it as a compulsory subject. In all, there were 61.9% universities with full-time nurses acting as academic advisors. Most of educators considered that "understanding of different cultures," "world health policies," and "content relating to international cooperation" were essential contents for education in the future.Discussion: As 52.4% of the universities that were surveyed treated international nursing as a compulsory subject, it is considered that whether or not one receives lectures on international nursing education is largely effected by the system of the university and the choice of the student. Regarding issues in the future, the construction of a curriculum aiming for the development of human resources with the capacity for practical application and rich in internationality is necessary. ＜Key-words＞international health, education, national university, nursing, Japan