Education in disaster nursing and risk management is important, and developing the human resources of medical staff who participate in disaster response is also necessary. However, a practical educational model for risk management and disaster nursing has not yet been established in Japan. In the present study, a model of disaster medical education for practical risk management and disaster nursing was proposed. Seventeen expert nurses with experience in practical international disaster response (IDR) participated in this study. They were recruited from among past members of Japan disaster response medical teams. They were asked an open-ended question through a questionnaire survey: “What kind of nursing education is necessary for risk management and practical activities in disaster response?” The responses were analyzed qualitatively and an educational model was developed.Sixty-five codes were obtained from the answers to the open-ended question, and they were categorized into 19 sub-categories and three categories. Subsequently, the “SINCHI education model” was proposed for practical disaster nursing education; it comprises six elements: (1) Simulation exercise and small-group work; (2) International nursing knowledge; (3) Nursing skills and knowledge, including disaster nursing; (4) Communication ability promotion; (5) Humanity, responsibility, and flexibility; and (6) Infection prevention and control. A sample of this education exercise model is the following: (1) preparing the list of medical staff members (2) information-gathering simulation (3) preparing the list of medical instruments, and (4) developing the plan for risk management and operation, including infection prevention and control. Disaster nursing education could be made more instructive and practical by including simulation exercises.

Background:The qualities required for new graduates to become visiting nurses remain unclear. The present study aimed to clarify the qualities required for new graduate visiting nurses.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine home-visiting nurses. Content analysis was conducted by the transcribed data collected from visiting nurses.Results: Years of nursing experience were ranged from 16 to 50. In total, 23 attributes were extracted and categorized. Conclusion:Our findings indicated that the qualities required for new graduate visiting nurses were as follows: basic knowledge and skills required as professionals and appropriate attitudes as members of society. K E Y W O R D S home care, home-visit nursing, Japan, visiting nurse How to cite this article: Akiyama A, Fukuyama Y. Qualities required for new graduate visiting nurses: A qualitative study. J

Objectives: This study aimed to clarify factors related to Japanese nurses' tolerance toward Indonesian nurse trainees.Methods: We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey from May 21, 2015 to June 13, 2015 targeting Japanese nurses in a hospital accepting Indonesian nurse trainees.Results: We received responses from 97 of the 109 participants (collection rate: 89%, valid response rate: 100%). "Length of education," "overseas travel experience," "number of countries traveled," "length of stay," and "foreign language learning experience" were significantly related to tolerance and this supported results from previous research targeting residents. Foreign language learning experience had a significantly greater influence on increasing tolerance compared to agreement with policies on introducing foreign nurses. These are important findings when considering future nurse education and smooth cooperation with foreign nurses. Although no research thus far exists on Japanese nurses working alongside foreign nurses in Japan, research on accepting foreign nurses has begun in Japan after the EPA signing. However, most of this research was on the original countries' nursing education and nursing systems, and were surveys of Japanese nurses and nursing students on the positives and negatives of accepting foreign nurses.Writing about Japan's acceptance of foreigners, Kozakai states that although Japan welcomes information and concepts from different cultures, it also rejects the actual people who create and bring those things (Kozakai, 1996). Previous research has also shown that most nurses have negative feelings toward foreign nurses (Kawaguchi, 2009;Takahashi, 2014). Considering Japan's declining birthrate, aging population, and nurse shortage, as well as the global trend of cross-border nurse expansion, it is predicted that opportunities to work alongside foreign nurses will increase in the future. Therefore, it is essential to work together to minimize friction between those from different cultural backgrounds.Yasuda reports that tolerance of people who are different is important in promoting cooperation, building trust, and generating smooth business conduct with foreigners when accepting foreign workers of different cultural backgrounds into the Japanese workplace (Yasuda, 2009). Tolerance among people in the accepting majority is thought to lead to intercultural adjustment for foreigners and understanding on both sides (Adachi, 2008).The relationships between tolerance of foreigners and "age," "academic background,"and "experience with foreigners and different cultures" have been widely reported within the domestic and foreign sociology and social psychology fields. Tolerance of foreigners is DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14391/ajhs.11.1 Asian Journal of Human Services, VOL.11 1-17 3 Services Human generally greater the younger someone is (Tanabe, 2001;Matsumoto, 2004; Hirota, Machimura, Tajima et al., 2006;Mori, 2006;Ito, 2011;Nukaga, 2006;Ohtsuki, 2006;Mazumi, 2015;Bettelheim, 1949; Quillian,1995)...

Objective: With regard to medical doctors and nurses who had participated in international disaster response(IDR), the purposes of the study were as follows:①To identify the factors related to recognition of the need for "surgical nursing practice" in IDR provided by Japan ②To clarify the role of Surgical Nurse in future IDR. group) at the time of dispatch" differed significantly recognition of the need for "surgical nursing practice" in IDR.Discussion: "Organization at the time of dispatch;" was the main factor related to recognition of the need for "surgical nursing practice" in IDR. GO group recognized that the role of Surgical Nurse in IDR was not only nursing care through the perioperative period but also disaster nursing care to perform a wide variety of activities will be required in the provision of medical support following international disasters. NGO group recognized the importance of nursing care during operations as the role of Surgical Nurse in IDR.＜Key-words＞ surgical nurse, disaster relief, international disaster response, natural disasters *Corresponding author: shinchik@cc.saga-u.ac.jp（Koichi SHINCHI; Japan） Asian J Human Services, 2017, 13:23-36.

Background Patients' decision‐making ability is a substantial barrier to end‐of‐life conversations with doctors. This study aimed to examine factors influencing this ability. Methods Altogether, 914 doctors from Japanese home care supporting clinics providing home medical care as of February 2019 participated in this study. Data were collected through an anonymous mailed survey between April and May 2019. Results Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis of factors influencing patients’ decision‐making ability revealed the following significant factors: (a) independence level in the daily life of older adults with dementia (B: −0.52), (b) disease name (B: 0.20), and (c) family structure (B: 0.12). Conclusions Patients' decision‐making ability regarding conducting end‐of‐life conversations with doctors was characterized; thus, (a) they did not have cognitive impairment, (b) they had cancer, and (c) they lived with a spouse.