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The genus of Trigonella has long been used for the treatment of arthritis and inflammatory disorders. This study was aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory activities of ethanol and n-hexane extracts of T. gharuensis in the rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) model was used to induce arthritis in rats. Arthritis was induced on day 0, while treatment which was started on day 8 continued for twenty days. Arthritic development and paw edema were determined using an arthritic scoring index and plethysmometer, respectively. Histopathology was evaluated using H&E staining. RNA extraction, reverse transcription, and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to determine expression levels of proinflammatory markers such as TNF-α, NF-ĸB, IL-6, IL-1β, COX2, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4. Prostaglandin E2 level (PGE2) was evaluated using ELISA. Blood analysis and biochemical parameters were also determined. The significance level was set as P < 0.05 . Treatment with extracts reduced paw edema, arthritic progression, and histopathological parameters. Expression levels of abovementioned proinflammatory cytokines and COX2 were downregulated, while IL-4 was upregulated. PGE2 levels were found reduced with extract treatment. Blood parameters were nearly normalized in treatment groups. Extract treatment did not alter biochemical parameters. Both extracts had effects comparable with piroxicam. In conclusion, extracts of T. gharuensis ameliorated experimentally induced arthritis that may be ascribed to its immunomodulatory effects.

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Humanoid robots may be utilized in daily life and are more efficient at performing tasks that humans would find unpleasant. Robots are getting more proficient and are capable of performing many tasks that humans can. In a world designed for people, creating robots that behave like humans is a significant problem for robotics. In this study, we introduce a Voice Controlled Humanoid Robot, a mobile robot that can be moved by the operator by issuing precise voice instructions. The Google Voice API is used to handle the voice command when it is picked up by an Android phone's microphone. The vocal signals are then translated into text by the app, which creates a variable against the text and sends it to the Arduino Node MCU in the form of a command. The Arduino Node MCU then examines the instruction and performs the necessary operations. The VCHR app and VCHR system are linked together using the Bluetooth module. The android app also has a camera for live video streaming, and the robot can utilize its SONAR sensors to identify any obstacles in its path and sound an alert as a result. VCHR can carry out around 20 distinct tasks in total. When given voice input through the supplied external mic, the VCHR system is also capable of speech-emotion recognition in addition to these characteristics. The IoT cloud service provider ThingSpeak receives the temperature sensor data from the VCHR system in order to analyze and interpret the sensor data at various time intervals. The performance obtained for movement, speech emotion recognition, and sensor data processing is demonstrated by experimental findings.