Authors' Contribution RA conceived and designed the project and wrote the article. AA and SA performed the experimental work. ZH analysed the data. SA and AS codrafted the manuscript.

This article aims to investigate seismic force demand on RC shear walls which are designed using direct displacement-based design (DDBD) method. For this purpose, first 12 shear walls were designed using DDBD approach and then were modeled nonlinearly in OpenSees using fiber section elements. Each wall was subjected to 45 artificial ground motions and the seismic force demand, including the shear force and the bending moment, were determined along the wall height. The nonlinear dynamic analysis results indicated that the seismic force demand was significantly amplified relative to the design forces. This amplification, which was due to the higher mode effects, is mainly a function of structural period and ductility demand. To find new shear and moment envelopes for capacity design, two envelop shapes compatible with internal force pattern along the wall height were selected. Then, the required equations were presented for envelope parameters based on the regression analysis of the results. The comparison of seismic force demand with proposed and previous envelopes indicates the superiority of new proposed envelopes for DDBD approach.

PurposeTo compare the surgical outcomes of slanted versus augmented recession in patients with horizontal strabismus.MethodsIn this randomized clinical trial, a total of 100 esotropic (ET) and exotropic (XT) patients with a high AC/A ratio which was defined as a difference of ≥ 10 prism diopters (pd) between the distance and near deviations were included if the patients had a distance deviation ≥ 15 pd. Patients were randomly assigned into the slanted (n = 26 in ET and n = 24 in XT group) and augmented recession groups (n = 25 in ET and n = 25 in XT group). In the slanted group, recession was performed on the superior and inferior poles of the muscle based on the distance and near deviations, respectively, while in the augmented recession group, the muscles were recessed 1.00 or 1.50 mm more than the standard amount according to the distance and near difference between 10 and 20 pd or > 20 pd, respectively.Results The mean age was 9.8 ± 9.6 years and 63% were female. There was a significant postoperative reduction of difference in convergence excess in ET cases compared to patients who underwent the augmented recession procedure (12.65 ± 6.16 vs 8.64 ± 6.1 pd, P = 0.014). Among our XT groups, there was no significant difference in postoperative reduction in the XT angle in the slanted group compared with the augmented group (P > 0.05).ConclusionSlanted recession is recommended in convergence excess ET patients. In XT patients, either slanted or augmented recession may be chosen according to the priority and experience of the surgeon.

PurposeTo determine the postoperative horizontal alignment changes following different inferior oblique (IO) weakening procedures on cases with IO overaction (IOOA).MethodsA total of 40 patients undergoing IO weakening surgery participated in this prospective interventional case series. A comprehensive ophthalmic examination was performed on all patients. The grade of IOOA was assessed based on the muscle function in the gaze of elevation in adduction. All study subjects were operated on by one of the IO weakening procedures including recession, myectomy, or anteriorization, and all were followed up for at least three months after the surgery. Postoperative change of the horizontal alignment in primary position was the main outcome measure.ResultsOur findings showed that all types of IO weakening surgeries improved the postoperative muscle function, hypertopia, and V-pattern significantly (P = 0.001). Generally, IO weakening surgeries had no effect on the postoperative horizontal alignment, and mean exoshift of 0.44 ± 6.2 prism diopters (PD) was observed in all study subjects, specifically. It was found that 70% of cases had no postoperative horizontal changes, 15% showed improvement toward orthophoria, and 15% shifted away from orthophoria.ConclusionsBased on our findings, no horizontal alignment change would be expected in the majority of cases undergoing weakening procedures of overacted IO. Most of our cases did not show any change while a few of them presented eso- or exoshift less than 5 pd which can be clinically ignored.

: Antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori isolates have become a global concern. The standard triple or quadruple therapies have recently become the most effective protocol for eradicating H. pylori in the gastrointestinal tract. There is evidence regarding the impact of different complementary or dietary supplements on H. pylori eradication. This review article intended to search electronic bibliographic databases for any clinical studies that evaluated the use of any herbal or dietary supplements to eradicate H. pylori up to June 2021. A total of 20 human studies met our criteria and were reviewed. Although some herbal medicines have shown their efficacy and safety in eradicating H. pylori in different clinical trials, more randomized blind, placebo-controlled human trials with a large sample size must be performed to extend our knowledge.