The development in the use of polyaniline (PANI) in advanced studies makes us draw attention to the presented research and combine it into one study like this one. The unique composition of PANI qualifies it for use in electrochemical applications in addition to many other applications whose use depends on its mechanical properties. Based on this, it is necessary to limit the reactions that produce PANI and the cheapest cost, and then limit the current uses in the formation of nanocomposites with metals, their oxides, and/or carbon nanocomposites in order to determine what is missing from them and work on it again to expand its chemistry. The development in the use of PANI in advanced studies makes us draw attention to the research presented on PANI and combine it into one study. One of the very important things that made PANI possess a very huge research revolution are preparation in a variety of ways, easy and inexpensive, from which a daily product can be obtained with very high purity, as well as its distinctive properties that made it the focus of researchers in various scientific departments. The unique structure of PANI, which is easy to prepare in its pure form or with various chemical compounds including metals, metal oxides, and carbon nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide), qualifies it for use in electrochemical applications. The various studies reviewed showed that PANI gave good results in the applications of super capacitors. In some of the studies mentioned later, it gave a specific capacitance of 503 F/g, cycle stability 85% at 10,000 cycles, energy density 8.88 kW/kg, and power density 96 W h/kg. It was also noted that these values improved significantly when using PANI with its nanocomposites. Because of its good electrical conductivity and the possibility of preparing it with a high surface area with nanostructures in the form of nanowires, nanofibers, and nanotubes, PANI was used as a gas sensor. We have noticed, through the studies conducted in this field, that the properties of PANI as a basic material in gas sensors are greatly improved when it is prepared in the form of PANI nanocomposites, as explained in detail later. From this review, we tried with great effort to shed light on this attractive polymer in terms of its different preparation methods, its distinctive properties, its nanocomposites, and the type of polymerization used for each nanocomposites, as well as its applications in its pure form or with its nanocomposites in the supercapacitor and gas sensor applications.

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The purpose of the study was to identify a quick, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric technique for the assessment of salbutamol (SAL). The proposed approach depends on SAL’s azo-coupling reaction with BEN. The orange color of the reaction product was analyzed at λmax (480 nm) against a blank solution. It was obeyed to beer-lambert show over concentration between (2.5-17.5 mg.L−1) with LOD (1.283 mg.L−1), LOQ (4.234 mg.L−1) and molar absorptivity (12922.74 L.mol−1.cm−1). The procedure revealed high sensitivity for assessment of chosen drug. The new cloud point extraction technique was also successfully utilized for the extraction of pharmaceutically pure SAL drug, (also known as 2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl) phenoxy] ethanol), was selected as green extraction solvent due to its properties and structure. The influence of various parameters, such as the kind and volume of surfactant, salt, temperature and incubation time on the CPE of salbutamol was investigated in detail and a set of perfect conditions was established. A correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.9914 for the calibration curve was obtained. The LOD, LOQ and molar absorptivity were 0.041 mg.L−1, 0.12 mg.L−1 and 47024.61 L.mol−1.cm−1, respectively. We believe that our suggested method is rapid, very convenient, and cost effective for the determination of salbutamol drug in the various samples.

In this work, new spectrophotometric techniques development for assessment of dexamethasone are described. The first technique including conversion of dexamethasone to colored compound with 2, 4-DNPH as reagent in the acidic medium. The colored compound has a yellow color with absorbance at 405 nm. Between the range of concentration (5.0-40 mg.L -1 ) , The beer , s law is obeyed with correlation coefficient as ( 0.9959), LOD as 0.507 mg.L -1 , LOQ as 1.5 mg.L -1 . The second procedure, in technique accompanied by measurement with a UV-Visible spectrophotometer, the CPE technique was used to determine the quantity of the color compound. The linearity of calibration curve between range of (0.5-6.0 mg. L -1 ), R 2 was 0.9974. LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.108 and 0.354 mg.L -1 respectively. This technique was successfully utilized for dexamethasone detection in the several pharmaceutical formulations by REC% was rang between (98-101).

In this study, we synthesized new sulfamethoxazole azo derivative by converted the SMZ drug to diazonium salt and coupling it with salbutamol in the alkaline medium to form an orange water-soluble azo dye that has a maximum absorption at λmax 450 nm. This reaction was used in the spectrophotometric determination of SMZ drug. It was obeyed to beer-lambert,s low over concentration between (10–100 mg.L-1) with LOD (0.507 mg.L-1), LOQ (1.5 mg.L-1) and molar absorptivity (2332.2 L.mol-1.cm-1). The approach indicated great sensitivity for the assessment of chosen medicine. Another method, a new cloud point extraction approach, was successfully used to extract the SMZ medication in its pure form as well as in pharmaceutical formulations. Due to its features and structure, non-ionic surfactant, also known as 2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy] ethanol, was chosen as the green extraction solvent in this study. The effect of several parameters on the CPE of Sulfamethoxazole, including as the type and volume of surfactant, salt, temperature, and incubation duration, was thoroughly researched, and a set of ideal conditions was established. The correlation coefficient (R2) for the calibration curve was found to be 0.9956. The limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and molar absorptivity were 0.122 mgL-1, 0.403 mg.L-1 and 11319.41 L.mol-1.cm-1, respectively.