Cisplatin (Cp) is an anti-neoplastic drug. Nephrotoxicity is the major side effect of Cp. Spirulina (Sp) is a blue-green alga with the ability to alleviating side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs in clinic. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of Sp to protect from cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Adult male rat was orally administered Sp two days before single dose of Cp over 21 days (Sp + Cp group), 2nd group that intake Sp two days after with the same dose of Cp (Cp + Sp group) and two further groups were served as controls treated with either Sp or Cp only, respectively, as well as normal healthy control was included. At the end of experiment, Cp drug was induced acute kidney injury elevated levels of BUN, creatinine, KIM-1, NGAL and microalbumin in significant compared to that of normal control group, while the opposite effects were found in the rats who received Sp only. Furthermore, the prophylactic group showed improvements in biochemical parameters compared to those received Cp only. The effects of Cp were found to be diminished in the treated group. In addition, evaluation of Bax and SIRT genes expression in combination with histomorphological alterations of the kidney indicated the protective effect of Sp against Cp. In conclusion, pretreatment with Sp protected Cp-induced nephrotoxicity, probably via its antiapoptotic properties.

Objective: This work aims to investigate the influence of Eruca sativa leaves extract on the cell viability of the breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7). Methods: In vitro, breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) treated by E. sativa leaves extract for 48 h. The cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were assessed using colorimetric (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometric technique, and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT]) measurement. Results: This study demonstrated that the incubation of MGF-7 cells with E. sativa for 48 h caused a significative reduction in cell viability and proliferation of MGF-7 cell line. In parallel, E. sativa treatment induces a significant increase in apoptosis of MGF-7 cells compared to control. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the inhibition of MGF-7 cell proliferation existed at the G2 and M phase in the cell-division cycle. Finally, the intracellular antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT activities were significantly increased in the administered cells compared with unadministered MCF-7 cells. Conclusions: Taken together, E. sativa treatment reduces cell viability and proliferation concomitant with enhanced antioxidant enzymes expression and apoptosis of breast cancer cell line MGF-7. This may help in protection from breast cancer or preclinical recommendation.

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Objective: This study was conducted in order to investigate the protective effect of Gum acacia (GA) on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) on anti-inflammatory and apoptotic markers. Materials and methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 30) were divided into three groups at random and given the following treatments for four weeks straight: group 1: Control: continued on the same diet without treatment until the study's conclusion; group 2: Adenine: changed to a powder diet containing adenine (0.75 % w/w in feed); group 3: Adenine + GA: adenine was supplied in the feed as in the second group for 4 weeks, then gum acacia was added to the drinking water at a concentration of 15 %t w/v. Adenine feeding was used to cause CKD in rats, and gum acacia, GA, was used to cure it concurrently (15 % in drinking water). Results: Adenine increased kidney function, lipid peroxidation, P53, caspase-3, Bax, and transforming growth factor (TGF-ß) compared to normal controls. While some antioxidants and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were on the decline.Concurrent GA therapy considerably lowered these negative effects. When combined, GA lowers oxidative stress and inflammation in CKD-affected rats. Conclusions: We come to the conclusion that the induction of CKD in rats by the administration of adenine is accompanied with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. The benefits of GA in adenine-induced CKD are linked to the reduction of adenine-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation.

Background and Aims: End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a global health problem. It necessitates renal replacement therapy via renal transplantation, peritoneal dialysis, or hemodialysis. Vascular access is mandatory for every patient maintained on hemodialysis. It is a prerequisite for adequate hemodialysis (HD). Platelets play the most important role in securing vascular access function. Patients and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 87 patients who underwent intermittent HD via arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Patients were divided into two groups. Group1 (Study group): patients with recent thrombosed AVF within a week of laboratory investigation. Group2 (Control group): patients with well-functioning AVF Evaluation of patients: Results:  The mean platelet volume (MPV), Plateletcrit (PCT), and platelet diameter width (PDW) were 10.43, 0.222, and 13.56 in the study group respectively while in the control group they were 10.11067, 0.201944 and 12.9. MPV/PL count was significant between the two groups. Conclusion: The study found that the larger the platelet indices, the more vascular access malfunctions. The MPV/PL ratio can be used to examine the function of vascular access and estimate its lifespan that continuous monitoring of that ratio might be effective in detecting the risk of AVF in patients receiving regular hemodialysis.