Biosorption is fast, effective and low cost process. It takes place in a wide range of temperature and it can be used for almost all types of heavy metals. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of locally collected green macro algae to remove copper, chromium and cadmium from synthetic wastewater. The fresh algae were converted into dry powder as biosorbent. In the investigations, 1 g of macro algae powder was exposed to synthetic waste water contaminated with 10 mg/L concentration of copper, chromium and cadmium in separate exposure for 2 hours. The best removal efficiency for copper, chromium and cadmium were 70%, 80% and 85%, respectively, from the initial concentration of 10 mg/L. While macro algae are abundantly available in marshlands of south Iraq, it can be preferably utilized as biosorbent to remove heavy metals from the industrial wastewater.

The study involved isolation and identification of the bacterium Serratia ficaria from the soil ,and The effect of incubation period , different carbon and nitrogen sources on ability of the isolate to produce extracellular polysaccharide was investigatal . The highest production of polysaccharide (2.55 g/L ) was obtained after (5) days of incubation . Maximum and lowest production of polysaccharide was achieved when glucose and sodium nitrate was ( 2.57 and 2.91 g/l) , lactose and sodium nitrite (0.72 and 0.93 g/L) as a carbon and nitrogen source respectively . ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻤﻨ‬‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺯل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺜﻭﻤﺔ‬ Serratia ficaria ‫ﺘﺸﺨﻴﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻴﺘﺭﻭﺠﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻟﺔ‬ . ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬ ) 2.55 ‫ﻏﻡ‬ / ‫ﻟﺘﺭ‬ ( ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ) 5 ‫ﺃﻴﺎﻡ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻘﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﻜﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ) 2.57 ‫ﻭ‬ 2.91 ‫ﻏﻡ‬ / ‫ﻟﺘﺭ‬ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺘﺭﻴـﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻜﺘﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ‬ ) 0.72 ‫ﻭ‬ 0.93 ‫ﻏﻡ‬ / ‫ﻟﺘﺭ‬ ( ‫ﺒﻭﺼﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺎﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﺠﻴﻥ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻨـﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ، ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬ Fermentars ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﺎ‬ ) intracellular ( ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺏ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻴﺎﻫﺎ‬ structural ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ) extracellular ( . ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬