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The main objective of this study was focused on determining atrazine residual concentration in agricultural soil in Shiraz and its vicinity. Twenty two sampling fields were selected by grid sampling in Shiraz and its vicinity. Atrazine residual concentrations in 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil depths were in the range of 15-550 microg kg(-1) soil. Data showed that the concentration of atrazine did not exceed the soil quality standard for agriculture which is 22 mg kg(-1) soil and there was no significant difference between depth and atrazine residual concentration (p > 0.05). Although, in all sampling regions in Shiraz and its vicinity, the concentration of atrazine did not exceed the soil quality standard for agriculture, atrazine leaching and dissipation rate in soil and risk of atrazine ground water pollution must be determined.

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Medical waste management problems are rising due to the crisis brought upon by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a worldwide pandemic. The security management of medical care worldwide increases their attention due to the high risk of COVID-19 medical waste. This paper gives a review of medical waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic around the world. Furthermore, an effort has been made to prepare a review of the characteristics, generation, collection, transportation, disposal, and treatment technologies of solid waste management worldwide. Detailed data on medical waste management practices, including collection, recovery, and disposal, have been presented. The poor medical waste management in Iraq before and during COVID-19 causes a huge environmental risk and can be a possible reappearing infection source. Hence, the study also points out some recommendations for handling COVID-19 pandemic medical waste properly to reduce possible secondary effects on health and the environment and manage any possible pandemics in the future.